Copper is a ductile metal, commonly used in electrical wiring.
铜是一种延展性金属，常用于电线。
The Statue of Liberty is made primarily of copper, which has oxidized over time to give it the green patina.
自由女神像是主要由铜制成的，随着时间的推移，它已经氧化形成了绿色的铜绿。
In ancient times, copper was one of the first metals to be smelted and shaped by humans.
在古代，铜是最早被人类熔炼和塑造的金属之一。
Copper has excellent thermal conductivity, making it ideal for heat exchangers in refrigeration systems.
铜具有优异的热导率，使其成为制冷系统中热交换器的理想材料。
A deficiency in copper can lead to health issues like anemia in humans and animals.
缺乏铜会导致人类和动物出现贫血等健康问题。
The penny in the United States is mostly made of zinc, but it has a thin copper coating for its distinctive reddish-brown color.
美国的便士主要是锌制成的，但为了其特有的红棕色，表面镀了一层薄薄的铜。
Copper is a vital element in many enzymes, playing a crucial role in biological processes.
铜是许多酶中的重要元素，在生物过程中起着关键作用。
Copper sulfate is often used as a fungicide in agriculture.
硫酸铜常在农业中用作杀菌剂。
The price of copper on the global market fluctuates based on supply and demand dynamics.
全球市场的铜价会根据供求动态而波动。
Ancient civilizations used copper tools and weapons, marking the beginning of the Bronze Age.
古代文明使用铜制工具和武器，这标志着青铜时代的开始。
Storage facility plays major role in increasing gas production capacityPetroChina's Liaohe oilfield gas storage in Northeast China's Liaoning province has reached a record-high cumulative gas injection volume of 3.14 billion cubic meters, 1.15 billion cu m more than the figure recorded last year.
储气设施在提高天然气生产能力方面发挥着重要作用。中国东北辽宁省辽河油田储气库累计注气量达到31.4亿立方米，比去年增加11.5亿立方米，创历史新高。
The gas storage facility, including seven gas storage tanks, began construction in 2019 with a total designed capacity of 28.8 billion cu m. Three gas storage tanks are currently under operation, it said.
该储气设施包括七个储气罐，于2019年开始建设，总设计容量为288亿立方米。该公司表示，三个储气罐目前正在运行。
Since 2022, its overall gas injection capacity has increased from 14 million cu m per day to 30 million cu m per day, making it the largest in China, said the company.
该公司表示，自2022年以来，其整体注气能力已从每天1400万立方米增加到每天3000万立方米，成为中国最大的注气能力。
The company saw its production of natural gas exceed that of oil for the first time last year, with more than 130 billion cu m of gas production.
该公司去年天然气产量首次超过石油，达到1300多亿立方米。
The proved reserves of newly added natural gas in the Zhongjiang gas field have exceeded 34 billion cubic meters and the total proved reserves reached 106.1 billion cu m, said Sinopec Southwest Oil and Gas Co, a domestic upstream oilfield company of Sinopec that is in charge of oil and gas exploration, development and sales in the Sichuan basin and surrounding areas.
中国石化西南油气分公司表示，中江气田新增天然气探明储量超34亿立方米，累计探明储量达1061亿立方米。中国石化西南油气分公司是中国石化旗下的上游油田公司，负责四川盆地及周边地区的油气勘探、开发和销售业务。
The Zhongjiang gas field has produced 5.29 billion cu m of natural gas so far.
中江气田截至目前累计生产天然气52.9亿立方米。
For two consecutive years, it produced more than 1 billion cu m of natural gas per year, equivalent of 5.5 million households' daily gas consumption, Sinopec said.
中国石化表示，该气田已连续两年实现年产量超10亿立方米，可满足550万户家庭的日常天然气需求。
The company has so far developed more than 20 large and middle-sized oil and gas fields in the Sichuan basin, with accumulated natural gas production exceeding 80 billion cu m. Annual natural gas production has exceeded 8 billion cu m so far, benefiting more than 200 million residents in eight provinces, it said.
该公司表示，截至目前，已在四川盆地开发大型和中型油气田20余个，累计天然气产量超过800亿立方米。截至目前，年天然气产量已超过80亿立方米，惠及八个省份的2亿多居民。
"The new discovery will help Sinopec to achieve its goal to boost domestic natural gas production to 48 billion cu m by 2025, growing about 60 percent from 2020," said Li Ziyue, an analyst with BloombergNEF.
彭博新能源财经分析师李紫悦表示,这一新发现将有助于中国石化实现其目标,即到2025年将国内天然气产量提高到480亿立方米,较2020年增长约60%。
"As the country's first domestically-run deepwater gas field that was put into operation, Liuhua 29-2 is expected to reach a peak daily output of 1.15 million cubic meters, with annual output exceeding 420 million cu m. It will meet the domestic gas demands of approximately 8 million residents, said the company.
作为中国首个投产的深水天然气田，荔湾29-2气田预计将达到日产115万立方米的峰值产量，年产量超过4.2亿立方米。该公司表示，这将满足大约800万居民的国内天然气需求。
The company expects daily crude oil and natural gas generation from the well to reach 300 tons and 150,000 cu m at a later date, said Zhou.
周说，该公司预计这口井后期的日均原油和天然气产量将分别达到300吨和15万立方米。
In 2019, the company said its Bohai Sea finds contain 100 billion cu m of proven geological reserves of natural gas.
该公司在2019年表示，其渤海发现含有1000亿立方米的已探明地质储量的天然气。
Last year, China's natural gas production reached 188.8 billion cu m, up 9.8 percent on a yearly basis, according to data provided by the National Bureau of Statistics.
根据国家统计局提供的数据，去年中国天然气产量达到1888亿立方米，同比增长9.8%。
According to China Energy News, natural gas output in China is expected to be between 420 billion cu m and 450 billion cu m by 2025.
据《中国能源报》报道，预计到2025年，中国的天然气产量将在4200亿立方米至4500亿立方米之间。
Chinese oil and gas giant Sinopec, or China Petroleum and Chemical Corp, announced on Thursday the addition of 83 billion cubic meters of newly-proven natural gas reserves at the Chuanxi gas field in the Sichuan basin, increasing the gas field's proven gas reserves to 114 billion cu m, which is equivalent to a large oil field.
中国石油和天然气巨头中石化(China Petroleum and Chemical Corp，简称“中石化”)周四宣布，在四川盆地川西气田新增探明天然气储量830亿立方米，使该气田的探明天然气储量增至1140亿立方米，相当于一个大型油田。
Its proven geological reserves of shale gas have accumulated to about 940.8 billion cu m. In April, it started constructing the country's first deep-seated shale gas field in Southwest China's Sichuan province, which is expected to have annual production capacity of 3 billion cu m once fully completed.
已探明地质储量累计约9408亿立方米。4月，中国在四川开工建设首个深层页岩气田，预计全面建成后年产能将达到30亿立方米。
In October, Sinopec announced there was about 192 billion cu m of certified new reserves at its Fuling shale gas field, with daily output above 20 million cu m.
今年10月，中石化宣布其涪陵页岩气田认证的新储量约为1,920亿立方米，日产气量超过2,000万立方米。
The current capacity for annual natural gas transmission from Central Asia to China is up to 55 billion cu m. The pipeline, the country's first transborder energy channel that brings gas from abroad over land, represents more than 15 percent of yearly national gas consumption.
The new pipeline will introduce 38 billion cu m of gas from Russia each year after completion.
Bloomberg Intelligence data showed that pipeline gas imports from Central Asia and Russia into China are expected to reach 85 billion cu m by 2020.
The country is now the biggest crude and gas importer in the world, importing 440 million tons of crude oil in 2018, a year-on-year increase of 11 percent, and 125.4 billion cu m of gas, a year-on-year increase of 31.7 percent.
Considering the tests, Han estimates the first well is able to produce more than 80 million cu m of natural gas annually, although that would naturally rise as more wells are added.
That compares to the 100 to 200 million cu m of natural gas.
The company said it has detected natural gas reserves of two trillion cu m in the past decades, improving natural gas utilization in Sichuan province and Chongqing municipality.
China Petroleum and Chemical Corp, also known as Sinopec and the world's largest refiner by volume, said on Monday it would supply 18.17 billion cu m of natural gas during the heating season, up 17.7 percent year-on-year, with supplies to seven northern province-level regions set to increase by 29.1 percent.
According to CNOOC, natural gas supplied to the northern parts of the country will reach 6.1 billion cu m, 63.5 percent up compared with the same period last year.
据中国海洋石油集团有限公司（CNOOC）表示，今年同期供应给中国北部地区的天然气将达到61亿立方米，与去年相比增长了63.5%。
The move follows China's largest petroleum company, China National Petroleum Corp's announcement of 20 billion cu m of underground gas storage in Northeast China.
China currently houses 25 underground natural gas storage facilities with a designed capacity of 41.5 billion cu m. The government aims to increase working storage capacity to more than 35 billion cu m by 2030, equal to between 4.8 percent and 5.8 percent of actual demand.
Sinopec's first gas storage facility in the region, Wen 96, has a capacity of 588 million cu m and has been in operation since 2012.
Construction at the nearby Wen 23 storage facility, with a planned capacity of 1.04 billion cu m, is 69.1 percent completed.
As a major supplier of geothermal heating in China, the company, which is also the nation's largest oil refiner, aims to boost its geothermal heating capacity to 120 million cu m by 2023, accounting for 40 percent of the domestic market, said Lyu Dapeng, spokesperson of the company.
By 2023, the company's natural gas supply, reaching 60 billion cu m annually, will be able to satisfy some 15 to 20 percent of domestic demand, providing enough clean energy for the annual gas consumption of 320 million urban residents, it said.
The company's overseas natural gas production reached 25.45 billion cu m in 2017, while it has also imported more than 50 billion cu m of natural gas through its Trans-Asia Gas Pipeline, China-Myanmar gas pipeline, China-Russia natural gas pipeline as well as its coastal LNG receiving stations.
The company, also known as Sinopec, said its Fuling shale gas field, China's first shale gas commercial production program launched in 2014, will reach an annual output of up to 10 billion cu m by the end of this year.
Proven geological reserves of shale gas at Fuling have exceeded 600 billion cu m, after the discovery of more than 220 billion cu m in additional deposits this month.
"Sinopec's Fuling project will play a leading role in achieving China's goal of producing 80 to 100 billion cu m in 2030," she said.
Wang said China's shale gas resources could be as much as 21.8 trillion cu m, but technological and geological challenges may slow the development of the unconventional gas.
The first-stage project, with a total investment of 13.87 billion yuan ($2.01 billion), is designed with a capacity to store 8.4 billion cu m of gas, and its volume of working gas will reach around 3.3 billion cu m, it said.
One specific target is to raise the volume of working gas contained in underground storage facilities to 14.8 billion cu m by that time.
Michael Tong, head of the China research at Deutsche Bank, wrote in a research note that the government's 2020 target for natural gas supply capacity is unchanged at 360 billion cu m per year, which is 13 percent above forecast demand, indicating that supply could remain abundant during the 13th Five-Year Plan.
[Photo/Agencies]The 1,454-km Kazakh-China link will transport 5 billion cu m annuallyA new strategically important natural gas pipeline running from southern Kazakhstan to China began operating on Friday, China National Petroleum Corp said in a statement.
The 1,454 kilometer pipeline is being jointly operated by CNPC Trans-Asia Pipeline Co Ltd and Kazakhstan's state KazTransGaz－and will provide China with 5 billion cu m of natural gas each year－according to Asia's biggest oil and gas producer CNPC.
A researcher at State-owned China National Petroleum Corp in November said the country could face a gas surplus of 50 billion cu m a year by 2020, due to long-term contracts for imports of liquefied natural gas and pipeline expansion plans, energy news agency Platts reported.
After the project is completed, the plant's annual capacity will reach 42 billion cubic meters of gas, and up to 38 billion cu m will be transported to China.
In addition to the ammonia-powered container ship, Hudong-Zhonghua also showcased an indigenously designed liquefied hydrogen carrier that is capable of carrying 40,000 cubic meters of gas on one trip; the world's currently largest liquefied liquid ammonia carrier with a capacity of 88,000 cu m, as well as a 174,000 cu m LNG carrier equipped with a carbon capture system.
This method of fish farming can typically raise 75 to 150 kilograms of fish per cubic meter of water, compared with traditional methods that produce 2 kilograms of fish per cu m. At Wong's fishery, each pool contains an average of 2.5 metric tons of fish.
According to the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, the average PM2.5 density in China was 33 mcg per cu m in 2020.
On Wednesday, ABS gave in-principle approval for the containment system to be used on 79,800 cu m LNG carriers, paving the way for the broader application of the system.
周三，ABS原则上批准了该围护系统在79,800立方米LNG运输船上的应用，为该系统在更广泛范围内的应用铺平了道路。
The goal is to reach annual biogas output of over 10 billion cubic meters by 2025, and more than 20 billion cu m by 2030, according to guidelines released by the National Development and Reform Commission and other nine ministry-level departments.
根据国家发展和改革委员会等九个部级部门发布的指导意见，目标是到2025年实现年产生物气超过100亿立方米，到2030年则要超过200亿立方米。
Biogas output of over 20 billion cu m per year means a more environmentally friendly treatment and recycling of about 300 million metric tons of crop waste and 200 million tons of animal waste, said Cheng Xu, a professor at China Agricultural University.
中国农业大学的程旭教授表示，每年超过200亿立方米的沼气产量意味着大约3亿吨农作物废弃物和2亿吨畜禽粪便得到了更环保的处理和回收利用。
The secretary-general said that at present annual production of biogas is around 100 million cu m, adding that China is still at a very early stage in the development of the industry.
秘书长说，目前生物气的年产量约为1亿立方米，并补充说，中国在该行业的发展仍处于非常初级的阶段。
The firm also unveiled 741 billion cu m of shale gas in the Sichuan Basin.
该公司还在四川盆地展示了7410亿立方英尺的页岩气。
China Petroleum & Chemical Corp, better known as Sinopec, Asia's biggest refiner, said its Shuibei oilfield, a new discovery in the Tarim Basin, has oil reserves of 1.2 billion tons and 500 billion cu m of natural gas deposits.
中国石油化工股份有限公司，亚洲最大的炼油商，也被称为中石化，在塔里木盆地的新发现油田—— Shuibei 油田拥有12亿吨石油储备和5000亿立方米天然气储量。
"China's natural gas output has grown strongly during the 13th Five-Year Plan period (2016-20), reaching above 800 billion cu m, 35 percent higher than the 12th Five-Year Plan period (2011-15)," Li said.
李表示：“十三五期间(2016-2020年)，中国天然气产量强劲增长，达到8000亿立方米以上，比十二五期间(2011-2015年)增长35%。”
Natural gas production reached 137.1 billion cu m, up 8.7 percent year-on-year.
天然气产量达到1371亿立方米，同比增长8.7%。
It is expected to be put into operation in 2025 and will transmit 1.89 billion cu m of natural gas from Russia every year to the Yangtze River Delta region.
预计将于2025年投入运营，每年从俄罗斯向长江三角洲地区输送18.9亿立方米的天然气。
Sinopec, the world's largest refiner by volume, said certified new reserves at its Fuling shale gas field are about 192 billion cu m, while its proven geological reserves of shale gas have reached 940.8 billion cu m. The company also started constructing China's first deep-seated shale gas field in Southwest China's Sichuan province in April, which, when completed, will have an annual production capacity of 3 billion cu m. Industry experts said Sinopec's shale gas field in Fuling, the first major commercial shale gas project in China, has set a new milestone in China's energy resource industry and contributed to shale gas development globally.
中国石油化工股份有限公司（简称“中石化”）是全球最大的炼油企业，其涪陵页岩气田新增证实储量约为1920亿立方米，而其页岩气的已证实地质储量达到9408亿立方米。该公司还于今年4月在华西四川省启动了中国首个深层页岩气田的建设工作，预计建成后年产量将达到30亿立方米。
业内专家表示，中石化位于涪陵的页岩气田是中国首个商业化大型页岩气项目，在中国能源资源产业树立了新的里程碑，并为全球页岩气开发做出了贡献。
According to the report, the average density of the hazardous fine particle matter PM2.5 among the first batch of pilot cities for clean energy heating in North China－which includes Tianjin, Shijiazhuang and Shanxi province's Taiyuan－dropped 36.4 percent to 69.7 micrograms per cubic meter in 2019, from 109.5 micrograms per cu m in 2016.
根据该报告，包括天津、石家庄和山西省太原在内的华北地区首批清洁能源供暖试点城市的有害细颗粒物PM2.5平均浓度从2016年的每立方米109.5微克下降了36.4%，至2019年的每立方米69.7微克。
As for the second batch of the pilot cities, including Shaanxi province's capital Xi'an, Linfen in Shanxi province and Zibo in Shandong province, the average PM2.5 density declined by 11.4 percent from 80.6 micrograms per cu m in 2017, to 71.4 micrograms per cu m in 2019.
至于第二批试点城市，包括陕西省省会西安、山西省临汾市和山东省淄博市，PM2.5密度平均下降了11.4%，从2017年的每立方米80.6微克降至2019年的每立方米71.4微克。
For the third batch of pilot cities including Sanmenxia in Henan province and Weinan in Shaanxi province, the average readings were, respectively, 85 micrograms per cu m in 2018 and 73.25 micrograms per cu m in 2019, decreasing 13.8 percent.
对于包括河南省三门峡市和陕西省渭南市在内的第三批试点城市，2018年的平均读数分别为每立方米85微克，而在2019年则降低到了每立方米73.25微克，下降了13.8%。
The line is expected to provide the region with 18.9 billion cu m of gas (around 30 percent of the yearly consumption of the region in 2019) when it reaches full capacity in 2025.
While China is already the world's biggest gas importer, with 125.4 billion cu m of gas shipment last year, a year-on-year increase of 31.7 percent, it has only 26 gas storage sites with just 8 billion cu m in storage as of 2018, contributing 3 percent of the country's total gas consumption.
Natural gas supplies in the country will exceed 360 billion cu m by 2020, accounting for 10 percent of China's energy production compared with the current 7 percent, according to the National Development and Reform Commission.
China's natural gas consumption surged 18.1 percent to 280.3 billion cu m last year, accelerating from a rise of 15.3 percent in 2017, amid the country's efforts to tackle environmental pollution, according to the NDRC.
At in the end of 2017, that figure rose to 667.5 billion cu m. Yet, nearly 90 percent of existing mining rights are in the hands of a few State-owned companies.
The gas field's sales reached 5.78 billion cu m last year, placing the gas field top nationwide both for production and sales.
Thanks to new domestic drilling technology and cost-cutting measures, the Fuling field, located in Southwest China's Chongqing, had produced more than 21.5 billion cu m by the end of 2018, Sinopec said.
It produces natural gas and condensates, and has proven reserves of more than 600 billion cu m, making it the world's second-largest shale gas field.
"Shale gas output may reach 30 billion cu m by 2020, equal to 9 percent of the country's total gas consumption.
The ratio can increase to 15 percent to 19 percent in 2030 as China reaches its target of producing 80 billion to 100 billion cu m of shale gas annually.
China's shale gas output was 9 billion cu m in 2017, accounting for 4 percent of the country's gas consumption, while the figures for 2014 were 1.3 billion cu m and 0.7 percent respectively, according to Wang.
It is estimated that the energy generated by 3 billion cu m of shale gas is equivalent to burning 6 million metric tons of coal, reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 4.2 million tons.
The company generated more than 6 billion cu m of shale gas and sold 5.78 billion cu m from the field last year.
It pumped 4.27 billion cu m of shale gas in the southwestern province of Sichuan in 2018, a year-on-year increase of 40 percent.
CNPC vows to produce 12 billion cu m of shale gas annually by 2020.
Later, that target rose to an annual output of 22 billion cu m of shale gas by 2025, with 1,300 new drilling wells coming up between 2021 to 2025, and a targeted annual output of 42 billion cu m by 2030, with 2,300 new drilling wells established between 2026 to 2030.
China has set a target to produce 30 billion cu m of shale gas a year by 2020, according to a development plan issued by the National Energy Administration in 2016.
Wang Lu, an Asia-Pacific oil and gas analyst at Bloomberg Intelligence, agreed that CNPC's and Sinopec's projects will play a leading role in achieving China's goal of producing 80 billion to 100 billion cu m of shale gas in 2030.
"CNPC may build a shale gas production capacity of 42 billion cu m by 2035, from resources 4,000 meters or less in depth.
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