n.美索不达米亚（Iraq之旧称，亚洲西南部一地区，在底格里斯与幼发拉底河之间，其冲积平原曾孕育了阿卡得、苏美尔、巴比伦和亚述文明）

Mesopotamia was a cradle of civilization, where the Sumerians developed the first written language.
美索不达米亚是文明的摇篮，苏美尔人在这里创造了第一种文字。
The Tigris and Euphrates rivers shaped the geography and agriculture of Mesopotamia.
底格里斯河和幼发拉底河塑造了美索不达米亚的地理和农业。
Mesopotamian cities like Ur and Babylon were known for their impressive architecture and monumental ziggurats.
如乌尔和巴比伦这样的美索不达米亚城市以壮观的建筑和巨大的阶梯式神庙而闻名。
The Code of Hammurabi, established in Mesopotamia, was one of the earliest known legal codes in human history.
汉谟拉比法典是在美索不达米亚制定的，是人类历史上已知最早的法律体系之一。
Mesopotamian societies practiced a mix of religions, including Babylonian, Assyrian, and later, Christianity and Judaism.
美索不达米亚社会融合了多种宗教，如巴比伦教、亚述教，后来还有基督教和犹太教。
The Sumerian wheel was a crucial invention that revolutionized transportation in ancient Mesopotamia.
苏美尔轮子是古代美索不达米亚交通革命的关键发明。
Mesopotamian merchants traded goods such as textiles, metals, and foodstuffs along the Silk Road.
美索不达米亚商人沿着丝绸之路进行纺织品、金属和粮食等商品交易。
The irrigation systems in Mesopotamia allowed for successful farming despite the region's arid climate.
美索不达米亚的灌溉系统使农业在干旱的气候条件下得以成功发展。
The Harappan civilization, a precursor to the Indus Valley Civilization, flourished in the Indus-Pakistan region of Mesopotamia.
哈拉帕文明，印度河流域文明的先驱，曾在美索不达米亚的印度-巴基斯坦地区繁荣一时。
The decline of Mesopotamian empires, such as the Akkadian and Babylonian, marked the end of the Bronze Age in the region.
阿卡德和巴比伦等美索不达米亚帝国的衰落标志着该地区青铜时代的终结。