二叠纪

The Permian period, spanning from about 299 to 252 million years ago, marked the end of the Paleozoic Era and was a time of great geological and biological changes.
二叠纪时期大约从2亿9900万年前持续到2亿5200万年前，标志着古生代的结束，是地质和生物发生巨大变化的时期。
During the Permian, the supercontinent Pangaea began to form, leading to widespread desertification and the evolution of diverse flora and fauna.
在二叠纪期间，超级大陆泛古陆开始形成，导致广泛的沙漠化以及多样化的植物和动物的进化。
The Permian-Triassic extinction event, often called the "Great Dying," was the most severe mass extinction in Earth's history, wiping out approximately 96% of all marine species and 70% of terrestrial vertebrate species.
二叠纪-三叠纪灭绝事件，常被称为“大灭绝”，是地球历史上最严重的一次大规模灭绝事件，大约消灭了96%的海洋物种和70%的陆地脊椎动物物种。
Fossil records from the Permian show the emergence of early synapsids, which later gave rise to mammals, as well as the dominance of therapsids, a group of reptile-like animals.
二叠纪的化石记录显示了早期合弓类动物的出现，它们后来演化为哺乳动物，同时还有兽孔目动物（一类类似爬行动物）的主导地位。
In the Permian, the climate became drier overall, with the interior of Pangaea developing into a vast arid region known as the Permian Interior Seaway.
二叠纪期间，气候总体变得更加干燥，泛古陆内部发展成为一个广阔的干旱区域，称为二叠纪内陆海。
The Permian period saw the diversification of gymnosperms, including the ancestors of modern conifers, which would go on to dominate the terrestrial ecosystems for millions of years.
二叠纪时期见证了裸子植物的多样化，包括现代针叶树的祖先，这些植物在接下来的数百万年里主宰了陆地生态系统。
Reptiles such as Pareiasaurs, large herbivores with armored bodies, thrived during the Permian but did not survive into the next era.
像 Pareiasaurs 这样的爬行动物，拥有装甲身体的大型食草动物，在二叠纪时期繁盛，但并未进入下一个时代。
The Permian witnessed the appearance of the first true mammals, though these early forms were small, shrew-like creatures that lived in the shadows of larger, more dominant species.
二叠纪见证了第一批真正哺乳动物的出现，尽管这些早期形态很小，像鼩鼱一样的生物，生活在较大、更占优势物种的阴影之下。
The Capitanian Stage of the Middle Permian is marked by the deposition of extensive limestone formations, such as the famous Caprock Escarpment in Texas, USA.
中二叠世的卡普蒂安阶段以大量石灰岩地层的沉积为特征，比如美国德克萨斯州著名的卡普洛克峭壁。
The Permian period ended with a series of catastrophic events, including massive volcanic eruptions and possible meteor impacts, which dramatically altered Earth's atmosphere and led to the Great Dying.
二叠纪以一系列灾难性事件结束，包括大规模的火山爆发和可能的陨石撞击，这些事件极大地改变了地球的大气层，导致了“大灭绝”。