SARS, or Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, is a viral respiratory illness caused by a coronavirus.
SARS，即严重急性呼吸综合征，是由冠状病毒引起的一种病毒性呼吸道疾病。
The
SARS outbreak in 2003 led to significant changes in global health protocols.
2003年的
SARS爆发导致全球卫生协议发生了重大变化。
Symptoms of
SARS can include high fever, headache, and dry cough.
SARS的症状可能包括高热、头痛和干咳。
SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, is not the same as the
SARS virus that emerged in 2002.
引起COVID-19的病毒
SARS-CoV-2与2002年出现的
SARS病毒不同。
The transmission of
SARS primarily occurs through close contact with an infected person's respiratory droplets.
SARS的主要传播途径是通过与感染者的呼吸道飞沫密切接触。
SARS patients often require hospitalization due to the severity of their symptoms.
由于症状严重，
SARS患者通常需要住院治疗。
Early detection and isolation are crucial in controlling
SARS outbreaks.
早期检测和隔离对于控制
SARS爆发至关重要。
During the
SARS crisis, many cities implemented strict quarantine measures to prevent the spread.
在
SARS危机期间，许多城市实施了严格的隔离措施以防止疫情扩散。
Research suggests that bats might be a natural host for the
SARS virus.
研究表明，蝙蝠可能是
SARS病毒的自然宿主。
After the
SARS epidemic, international efforts were made to strengthen global disease surveillance systems.
SARS疫情后，国际社会努力加强全球疾病监测系统。
He said China has been through multiple difficulties over the years, like the SARS and financial crisis, but the long-term uptrend of the country's development remains unchanged all these years.
他说，这些年来，中国经历了非典和金融危机等多重困难，但这些年来中国发展的长期上升趋势没有改变。
He noted that when SARS broke out in 2003, scientists took five months to decode the pathogen as second-generation sequencing had yet to be developed.
他指出，2003年SARS爆发时，由于第二代测序尚未开发，科学家们花了五个月的时间来解码病原体。
During the 13th Five-Year Plan period, China introduced a grand plan to establish the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, which brings several cities and two SARs together.
在“十三五”期间，中国提出了建立广东-香港-马考大湾区的宏伟计划，将几个城市和两个特区聚集在一起。
Capital from the Macao and Hong Kong SARs amounted to 70 million and 24 million patacas, respectively.
澳门和香港特别行政区的资本分别为7,000万和2,400万澳门元。
"It is an experience we learned from SARS that education companies should maintain enough cash flow to face any unexpected future challenges.
"The SARS outbreak in 2003 accelerated the pace for consumers to go digital.
"Compared with the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2003, COVID-19 is less fatal but more widespread, and has far greater economic impacts as China's economic integration stands at a much higher level today, a report by the Shanghai Institutes for International Studies said.
They are just like the entrepreneurs who encountered the 2003 SARS crisis.
The outbreak of SARS cost China dearly, but it has also brought the country valuable experience and gains from modern public health methodologies.
When SARS struck, the most impacted industries were manufacturing-based industrial companies, State-owned enterprises, foreign corporates and private companies.
Without a doubt, the impact of the epidemic on the economy will far exceed that of SARS.
On May 6, 2003, a SARS case was confirmed at Alibaba.
"Having previously dealt with SARS, Foxconn has a good understanding of how to care for our employees' health and how we will need to allocate resources in the manufacturing and production departments to ensure that the company is able to address the needs of both our employees and customers. "
China has world-leading capabilities in anti-virus research, from experiences accumulated during the SARS, MERS and Ebola outbreaks, according to Xiao.
The vacancy rate in Causeway Bay is likely to climb to 11 percent next year, putting hundreds of workers out of work, as "the current chaotic situation is even worse than the 2003 SARS epidemic", warned Tony Lo, director of Midland IC&I.
It listed Beijing and Shanghai as parts of China but didn't include the two SARs.
Today, collectively we have more than 600 partners and over 18,000 people in the Chinese mainland and Hong Kong, working collaboratively in over 20 major cities and SARs, to build trust in society and solve important problems.
In 2003, Hong Kong's economy suffered from the SARS epidemic, and many college graduates had a hard time finding a job.
"Talent in the two SARs (special administrative regions) still have to count the days to avoid staying in the mainland for more than 180 days within a year," Ma added.
At this week's forum in Hong Kong, he put forward the idea of a "green card" for top-notch talent to reduce their travel time at border checkpoints between the mainland and the two SARs.
The new registered legal entities from the two SARs have helped bring the province's total number of Hong Kong and Macao-funded legal entities to more than 96,000 by the end of 2023, up year-on-year by 15.5 percent.
Thirteen employment and entrepreneurship bases for young people have been jointly set up in Guangdong with the two SARs, with nearly 600 startup teams from Hong Kong and Macao operating, employing 4,000 people.
A project official traced the ambitious goal to the unprecedented shocks of the COVID-19 pandemic and, before that, the untold disruptions caused by the SARS epidemic about 20 years ago.
In a program to provide housing for Hong Kong and Macao youths, four youths from the SARs bought ownership shares of housing units in the district.
The US still has more billionaires than any other country with 724, followed by China (including the Hong Kong and Macao SARs) with 698 and India in the third spot.
"A review of history shows that crises have never been absent for China and ASEAN, be it the Asian financial crisis, the international financial crisis, SARS or H5N1 influenza.
For example, when the SARS epidemic broke out in Hong Kong earlier this century, the monthly salary of a university graduate employed with a bank was about HK$12,000($1,548) to HK$15,000.
It also serves as a platform to promote exchanges and cooperation among entrepreneurs from the Chinese mainland and the two SARs of Hong Kong and Macao to gather their strength and wisdom for the advancement of Chinese modernization, it added.
Tourists traveling to the two SARs and Thailand are younger, while those traveling to Japan and the US are mainly 26 to 45.
The Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office of the State Council also announced on Friday the normalization of group tours between the mainland and the two SARs.
Previously, when the Chinese economy was hard hit during the 2003 SARS outbreak and the 2008 financial crisis, real estate played a role as an economic stabilizer, which not only helped improve people's lives, but also sped up the nation's urbanization and economic development.
Taking vaccine research and development as an example, it took 20 months for the SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) vaccine to enter clinical trials after the discovery of the virus in 2003, while it took only 65 days for the COVID-19 vaccine to enter clinical trials.
"Back in 2003 when SARS broke out in China, we were short of medical equipment such as ventilators, and mainly relied on imports.
Industry experts said the negative impact of COVID-19 has been far worse than that of SARS in 2003 and the 9-11 terrorist attacks on the United States in 2001.
Cinema houses in China rebounded strongly from the SARS virus which also put a temporary dent on earnings of the sector some 17 years ago.
"The severity of SARS was realized from March of that year.
Like the retail industry's changes in the SARS period, consumption related to the industry is likely to rebound once the COVID-19 outbreak is over.
"He said that in 2003 when SARS prevailed, the tourism market decreased 13 percent.
The threat to the industry is expected to be far greater than that of the SARS epidemic in 2003 because China is playing an increasingly important role in the international air travel market.
"The outbreak of SARS occurred in March, a relatively slack travel season.
Lower travel demand from SARS epidemic caused the aviation sector in China to lose 2.8 billion yuan ($400 million) for the whole year, as about one fifth of aircraft stopped flying daily on average.
An analysis of past epidemics such as SARS, the avian flu, and MERS indicated that "any effect on air transport would be temporary," the International Air Transport Association said.
com Group said the travel demand is expected to come up again strongly after the contagion is over, given the experiences during the SARS outbreak in 2003.
When SARS was finally put under control, the company saw travel demand double or even triple and it is confident the same thing will likely happen in the Chinese economy and the travel industry.
In 2003, when the SARS outbreak hit the country, the catering sector saw steady growth for the whole year.
He noted the 2002-2003 SARS epidemic had little long-term impact on China's passenger car market, which saw sales surge 70 percent year-on-year in 2003.
After the outbreak of SARS and COVID-19, people will see regular epidemic prevention and control measures -- which are enabled by the development of technology.
"If we look back to 2003, the automobile consumption reached a small peak after the SARS epidemic had ended.
Residents of the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions had opened 235,000 accounts at Chinese mainland banks through cooperative banks in the SARs as of the end of January.
Permanent residents aged 18 or above in the SARs who have an account at a local cooperative bank can open an account at a mainland bank through the cooperating bank, without the need to travel to the mainland.
Mainland banks have a huge potential to grow in providing more financial services for individuals in the two SARs, he added.
Similar to the SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) outbreak back in 2003, investments started to rebound in the fourth quarter of that year," said Li Chenghuan, partner at global management consulting firm Bain & Company.
"This suggests that the overall clinical consequences of Covid-19 may ultimately be more akin to those of a severe seasonal influenza, which has a case fatality rate of approximately 0.1 percent, or a pandemic influenza similar to those in 1957 and 1968 rather than to a disease similar to SARS or MERS, which had a case fatality rate of 9-to-10 percent and 36 percent, respectively," said the article.
Before assessing the impact of COVID-19 on the Chinese banking sector, we reviewed the impact of SARS of 2002-03.
Studies found that the impact of SARS on the banking sector did not last long, although China's economic growth was temporarily affected and the profit growth of some companies in certain industries dropped significantly for a short period of time.
"If we see the situation in 2003 when SARS broke out, consumption rebounded sharply after the epidemic was gone and there was also large demand for loans.
Some argued that the epidemic will trigger a debt crisis based on the fact that China's debt-to-GDP ratio now stands at about 260 percent, 110 percentage points higher than what it was during the SARS outbreak of 2002-03.
Unlike the SARS episodes in 2003, the government is likely to use monetary policy as a priority in the campaign to limit the economic shocks.
Unlike the times during the period of the SARS outbreak, relying only on the proactive fiscal policy may not be strong enough to fight against the negative economic impacts.
He said the new outbreak will be contained within a shorter period of time than the SARS epidemic in 2003, citing much faster and effective nationwide emergency response.
Noting that some people compared the coronavirus outbreak with the 2003 SARS epidemic and made economic loss projections based on the SARS damage, Lian said: "China's current economic strength, resources and abilities to deal with emergencies have significantly strengthened since that time, and we are fully confident in and capable of winning the battle against the epidemic. "
The current outbreak of the novel coronavirus in Wuhan bears much resemblance to the situation during the outbreak of SARS in March and April 2003, experts from Swiss lender UBS said.
"If the virus retreats quickly, the impact likely will be small, similar to the 2003 SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) episode.
Most experts agree that annual growth took a relatively small hit during the SARS outbreak because it was contained, according to Rice.
"The coronavirus could deal a more severe blow to China's economy in the near term relative to SARS in 2003," said Lu Ting, chief economist in China with Nomura Securities.
Owing to the SARS outbreak, real GDP growth plunged by 2 percentage points from the first quarter to the second in 2003.
"Should the incidence of infections escalate, it could also have economic consequences, as the SARS epidemic of 2003 demonstrated. "
The Monetary Authority of Macao (AMCM) said that as the pataca is linked to the Hong Kong dollar, the movements of policy rates in Hong Kong and Macao should be basically consistent in order to maintain the linked exchange rate system between the two SARs.
Hong Kong's stock market has overcome storms, such as the 1997 Asian financial crisis, the burst of the internet bubble in 2000, the 2003 SARS outbreak and the 2008 global financial crash.
Around 1,800 delegates to the congress, along with 90 specially invited delegates from the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions (SARs), attended the congress.
Ding Xuexiang, on behalf of the CPC Central Committee, delivered a speech, congratulating on the congress and extending warm greetings to women and people working for women's development across the country as well as to female compatriots in Hong Kong and Macao SARs and in Taiwan, and overseas Chinese women.
A major round of amendments was made in 2004 after the outbreak of SARS in 2003, and partial revisions were made in 2013.
The move aims to fully implement the central leadership's full governance over the two special administrative regions and support the two SARs' efforts to integrate into the country's overall development plan, the plan said.
It has enacted laws and adopted decisions related to the SARs, including the Law on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong SAR and a decision on improving the electoral system of Hong Kong SAR, which have fully demonstrated the central government exercises overall jurisdiction over the SARs and provided a strong legal foundation for Hong Kong's entry into a new stage.
The central government's liaison offices in the two SARs have each set up a mourning hall to receive condolences from the community.
Groups of locals and many influential figures, including the chief executives of the two SARs, have visited the mourning halls to express their grief.
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