The
WTO is the abbreviation for the World Trade Organization.
世贸组织是世界贸易组织的缩写。
Member countries of the
WTO commit to lowering trade barriers and promoting free trade.
世贸组织成员国承诺降低贸易壁垒并促进自由贸易。
The
WTO provides a platform for negotiating and enforcing global trade rules.
世贸组织为谈判和实施全球贸易规则提供了平台。
Dispute settlement mechanisms within the
WTO ensure fair and reciprocal treatment among member states.
世贸组织内的争端解决机制确保了成员国间的公平互惠待遇。
China became a member of the
WTO in 2001, opening up its market to international trade.
中国于2001年加入世贸组织，向国际商贸开放其市场。
The
WTO's General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) reduces and eliminates customs duties on goods.
世贸组织的关税与贸易总协定（GATT）旨在减少并消除商品的关税。
The Doha Development Agenda, launched by the
WTO, focuses on issues concerning developing countries.
由世贸组织发起的多哈发展议程重点关注与发展中国家有关的问题。
A country seeking
WTO membership must agree to certain conditions and obligations set by existing members.
寻求加入世贸组织的国家必须同意现有成员国设定的一系列条件和义务。
WTO agreements cover not only goods but also services and intellectual property rights.
世贸组织的协议不仅涵盖货物，还包括服务及知识产权。
The
WTO regularly assesses members' compliance with their commitments under various trade-related agreements.
世贸组织定期对各成员国在各项贸易相关协定下的履行情况进行评估。
Tu Xinquan, dean of the China Institute for WTO Studies at the University of International Business and Economics in Beijing, said ASEAN countries have long been important trade partners and investment destinations for Chinese businesses due to their levels of growth and abundant resources.
北京对外经济贸易大学中国WTO研究院院长涂新泉表示，东盟国家由于其增长水平和丰富的资源，长期以来一直是中国企业的重要贸易伙伴和投资目的地。
This year marks the 20th anniversary of China's entry into WTO.
今年是中国加入世贸组织20周年。
This year marks the 20th anniversary of China's accession to the WTO.
今年是中国加入世贸组织20周年。
Therefore, the victory by NCPC is of great significance for other Chinese companies to learn and adopt similar methods in global markets, said Xue Rongjiu, deputy director of the Beijing-based China Society for WTO Studies.
因此,这一胜利对中国其它企业意义重大,它们可以此为鉴,在国际市场采取类似的方法."中国世贸组织研究会(WTO Studies Association)副会长薛荣久表示. 这句话的翻译是:因此,NCPC的胜利对中国其他公司具有重大意义,它们可以此为参考,在国际市场采用类似的方法,北京中国世贸组织研究会副所长薛荣久说。希望这能帮到你!
BOAO, Hainan -- China has embraced tremendous changes in the past two decades and has presented huge market potential with its endeavor to pursue high-quality development and promote regional connectivity, said Jens Eskelund, managing director of Maersk China Ltd. "China joining the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001 was absolutely transformative," he told Xinhua in an exclusive interview on the sidelines of the annual conference of the Boao Forum for Asia.
博鳌，海南——在过去的二十年间，中国发生了翻天覆地的变化，并通过追求高质量发展和推动区域互联互通展现出巨大的市场潜力。马士基中国有限公司董事总经理延斯·埃斯克伦德表示。他在出席博鳌亚洲论坛年会期间接受新华社专访时说：“中国2001年加入世界贸易组织（WTO）绝对是变革性的。”
"It is hard to overestimate how big a change joining the WTO has brought to China in basically any respect, especially in terms of personal income, quality of life and opportunities for young people in China," he said.
“很难过高估计加入WTO对中国在几乎所有方面，尤其是个人收入、生活质量和年轻人机遇方面所带来的巨大变化，”他说。
According to WTO agreements, AIA has been doing business in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, Shenzhen, Jiangsu, Tianjin and Shijiazhuang for quite some time.
根据WTO（世界贸易组织）的协议，AIA已经在北京市、上海市、广东省、深圳市、江苏省、天津市和石家庄市开展了相当一段时间的业务。
We hope governments will, in the end, resolve trade disagreements through sustained multilateral dialogue and in respect of WTO rules.
Since 2009, China WTO Tribune, a monthly journal focusing on China's World Trade Organization-related work and established by the Ministry of Commerce, started to evaluate GoldenBee CSR reports.
"Companies listed in Hong Kong show a higher quality in the standard of their reports, partly due to the requirement of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange," said Yin Gefei, chief advisor of China WTO Tribune and chief expert of GoldenBee CSR Consulting.
"The report was the first sustainability report written by China's energy and construction enterprises based on the 17 UN Sustainable Development GoalsWith credible data and a clear view of future power construction, the report systemically introduces the company's direct contributions to 11 of the 17 UN Sustainable Development Goals, and points out its positive influences on the remaining six, said Yu Zhihong, president and chief editor of the China WTO Tribune and an expert on assessing the Corporate Social Responsibility performances of China's international contractors.
With rising protectionism, the increasingly apparent lack of enthusiasm by the United States for multilateralism — evident in the US withdrawal from a bevy of world bodies such as UNESCO and the UN Human Rights Council, and a threat to pull out of the WTO — along with the Trump administration’s penchant to use tariffs as a foreign policy tool, observers doubt whether a global response can be counted on if another grave financial crisis hits.
"Under such circumstances, China is taking the blame for others," said Xue Rongjiu, deputy director of the Beijing-based China Society for WTO Studies.
Since 2009, China WTO Tribune, a monthly journal on China's World Trade Organization-related work established by the Ministry of Commerce, started to evaluate Golden Bee reports about CSR.
The internationalization level of the reports needs to be further improved," said Yin Gefei, vice-president of China WTO Tribune, as well as chief CSR expert at Golden Bee.
DAVOS, Switzerland -- China plays a key role in boosting global economic growth, World Trade Organization (WTO) Director-General Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala has said.
"Since its accession to the WTO more than 20 years ago, China has become the world's largest trader of goods and a major trading partner for over 140 countries and regions, contributing an average of nearly 30 percent to the world's annual economic growth.
Calls for multilateralismCommending China's role in defending the multilateral trading system, Okonjo-Iweala said, "China, from the standpoint of the WTO, has been a strong supporter of the multilateral trading system and multilateralism.
"We hope that that will continue and that China will continue to be a strong member that will also help the WTO to solve some of the problems of global trade that we see emerging," she said.
Okonjo-Iweala also called on WTO members to abide by the global rules of trade, "which we would like to see everyone work together on in a multilateral system.
Attending a panel on "The Global Economic Outlook", Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, director-general of the WTO, admitted that trade was considerably down last year, but she remained optimistic about 2024, forecasting a 3.3-percent growth of global trade value.
Stressing a two-way relationship between growth and trade, she said the WTO is negotiating an investment facilitation agreement with 110 countries, to help developing countries "sweep away barriers" for investment to flow in.
"Without a free flow of trade, I don't think we can recover," Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, director-general of the World Trade Organization (WTO), said in a session exploring the role of trade and investment as a driver of economic growth.
Stressing a two-way relationship between growth and trade, she said the WTO is negotiating an investment facilitation agreement with 110 countries, in an effort to help developing countries "sweep away barriers" for investment to flow in and revitalize trade and growth.
According to Okonjo-Iweala, the WTO was "slightly less optimistic" about its projected 3.3 percent growth in commodity trade this year due to the tensions in the Red Sea and the downgrade of global growth.
In October, the WTO more than halved last year's global commodity trade forecast to 0.8 percent, compared to 1.7 percent estimated in April, but maintained its 3.3 percent growth forecast for 2024.
This aligns with international high-standard economic and trade rules and also supports China's swift accession to the WTO Agreement on Government Procurement.
On Dec 20, Singapore, Japan and Australia, co-conveners of the WTO Joint Statement Initiative on E-Commerce, announced the conclusion of negotiations on global digital trade rules covering 13 articles in the three broad areas of digital trade facilitation, open digital environment and business and consumer trust.
In the course of the negotiations, China emerged as a key participant and major proponent, presenting nine proposals covering over 20 specific issues, most of which have been incorporated into the consensus, said an official with the department of WTO affairs at the Ministry of Commerce on Monday.
A total of 90 WTO member economies, including 47 developing economies and five of the least developed ones, have been involved in the negotiations, which kicked off in January 2019.
The WTO Joint Statement Initiative on E-Commerce is the core platform for global digital trade rule-making," said Minister of Commerce Wang Wentao in a written statement on Dec 20.
According to WTO data, China's digitally deliverable trade in services amounted to 2.5 trillion yuan ($349.9 billion) in 2022, marking a growth of 78.6 percent compared with five years ago.
The recent attainment of some consensus marks a positive signal, but the road ahead may still be challenging, said Tu Xinquan, head of the China Institute for WTO Studies at the University of International Business and Economics in Beijing.
Despite the complexities, WTO members, by maintaining open talks and finding common ground, can work together toward establishing a rules-based system that fosters global economic growth, innovation and inclusive development, Tu said.
An official with the ministry’s department of WTO affairs made the remark on Monday after Japan, Australia, and Singapore, co-convenors of the WTO Joint Statement Initiative on E-Commerce, released a statement that announced the substantial conclusion of negotiations on global digital trade rules on certain articles on Dec 20.
In pursuit of developing high-standard digital trade regulations, participants in the WTO negotiations have reached a fundamental consensus on 13 agenda items covering three key areas - facilitating digital trade, opening up the digital environment, and enhancing business and consumer trust, the official said.
Former WTO chief: Technology, ideology, peace key to pushing open world economyThough facing challenges such as increasing geopolitical tensions and turmoil brought on by shifts in global economic dynamics, the world will likely avoid an era of de-globalization but will instead see the pace of globalization slow amid a more secure new phase, said Pascal Lamy, former director-general of the World Trade Organization.
A better system of climate divergence is needed to reduce discrepancies among climate-related trade measures, the former WTO chief said.
The decision to cut import tariffs is driven by multiple factors, including China's own needs, industry development and the desire to enhance the well-being of its citizens, said Tu Xinquan, head of the China Institute for WTO Studies, which is part of the University of International Business and Economics in Beijing.
As of November, Taiwan has banned the import of 2,509 mainland products, the ministry said, stressing that Taiwan, according to the rules of the World Trade Organization, is obligated to provide export treatment and competitive opportunities to the mainland and other WTO members on an equal footing.
The Geneva-based WTO highlighted the impact on certain export-oriented economies, citing an 11.5 percent year-on-year drop in South Korea's exports in the third quarter and an 8.5 percent decrease in Vietnam.
Heads of the World Trade Organization (WTO), the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), the International Trade Center (ITC) and other international organizations headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, have expressed their optimism about China's economic fundamentals and China's economic development trajectory in recent interviews with Xinhua.
WTO Director-General Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala said that China's opening-up, new development pattern and domestic consumption will help promote sustained economic recovery.
Only when key WTO members discard a zero-sum, Cold War mentality and firmly uphold win-win multilateralism can reforms of the multilateral trading system become successful and benefit world economic growth, they said at the two-day 22nd Annual Conference on the WTO and China, which kicked off both online and offline on Tuesday.
The conference has been organized by the China Institute for WTO Studies of the University of International Business and Economics in Beijing.
Han Yong, director-general of the department of WTO affairs at the Ministry of Commerce, said during the conference that China has proposed more than 20 initiatives associated with WTO reforms since the start of the year.
China always emphasizes that the most imperative issue in front of us is to ensure the baseline results, meaning that we must resume the dispute settlement mechanism of the WTO, and to make new rules and regulate these rules," Han said.
China has been firmly promoting necessary WTO reforms, Han said, citing examples like the key role the country has played for the organization to successfully conclude negotiations on the text of the world's first multilateral investment agreement, known as the Investment Facilitation for Development.
China will promote the early inclusion of the investment facilitation agreement into the WTO legal framework and support the negotiations on e-commerce, he added.
Yi Xiaozhun, former deputy director-general of the WTO, said economic globalization has faced strong headwinds in recent years as major developed economies are turning away from traditional trade liberalization toward unilateralism and trade protectionism.
He also stressed that the top priority for WTO reforms and the MC13 is to restore the normal functioning of the WTO's dispute settlement mechanism, to prevent the world economy from reverting to "the law of the jungle".
Zhou Nianli, a professor at the China Institute for WTO Studies in the University of International Business and Economics, called for establishing a comprehensive data governance framework that covers governance of cross-border data flow, personal privacy protection, openness and sharing of government data, and innovative governance of data.
Robert Koopman, former chief economist and director of the Economic Research and Statistics Division of the WTO, said China is a very active and very positive force in the multilateral trading system, and has significantly moved up the value chains.
The forum saw the release of the fourth Global Value Chain Development Report, published by the UIBE's Research Institute for Global Value Chains in collaboration with the WTO, the Asian Development Bank and the Institute of Developing Economies-Japan External Trade Organization.
Multilateral discussions on this matter should ensure an open, non-discriminatory, and fair multilateral trade system that aligns with the protection of the environment and sustainable development, achieving a balance between environmental protection and economic development, reported Xinhua, citing Chinese delegates at the WTO meeting.
They also urged support for WTO reform, especially the restoration and normal functioning of the organization's dispute settlement mechanism.
"Australia, Farrell said, is supporting efforts to ensure the WTO remains at the center of a well-functioning global trading system in the future.
"Experts and government officials called for concrete actions to push forward the necessary reforms of the WTO.
The reform of the multilateral trading system is "an absolutely central consideration" for the 13th WTO ministerial conference in February, he said.
"Yi Xiaozhun, former deputy director-general of the WTO, said it is important to urgently revitalize the dispute settlement mechanism.
"Yi said he hopes that WTO member countries would cooperate at the 13th WTO ministerial conference to address many of the pressing issues faced by the humanity, including climate change, the fishery industry subsidies and other issues.
China will continue to promote greater inclusiveness and sharing of opening up, Li said, adding that the multilateral trading system with the World Trade Organization (WTO) at its core is the cornerstone of economic globalization and free trade, as well as an important guarantee for the steady recovery of the world economy.
China will always stand on the right side of history, follow the logic of progress of the times, firmly oppose unilateralism and protectionism, resolutely uphold the authority and effectiveness of the multilateral trading system, fully and deeply participate in the reform of the WTO and promote the early entry into force of the Investment Facilitation for Development agreement, he stressed.
They are willing to work with China to further strengthen cooperation in trade, investment, science and technology, infrastructure, e-commerce, health and other fields, promote the development of the Belt and Road Initiative, firmly support free trade and the WTO's authoritative role, continue to liberalize and facilitate trade and investment, and stabilize global industrial and supply chains to achieve inclusive and sustainable growth in the world.
Despite the rise in protectionism globally and the United States' attempts at ousting China from the global supply chain, Yu Yongding, an academic member of the CASS, said China will further promote trade liberalization, adhere to multilateralism and advocate the authority of WTO and other international institutions.
Meanwhile, the WTO halved its growth forecast for global goods trade this year to 0.8 percent, compared with its April estimate of 1.7 percent.
In particular, steady progress has been made in recent months, Shu said, citing WTO figures to show that China's export share of the global market increased by 0.4 percentage points to 14.2 percent in the first half of this year.
Tu Xinquan, head of the China Institute for WTO Studies, which is part of the University of International Business and Economics, said since global trade and investment remain sluggish amid rising geopolitical tensions and a gloomy world economic outlook, the CIIE will help foster collaboration in various sectors and inject new energy into the global economy for inclusive growth.
President Xi Jinping, who is also general secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, has stressed efforts to actively participate in the reform of the WTO and improve the ability to handle high-level opening-up.
Dombrovskis said that the EU is willing to conduct consultations with China on anti-subsidy investigations, and will carry out the investigation on the basis of adhering to the WTO rules and guaranteeing transparency.
They have voiced their desire for the trade remedy measures related to the wine dispute between the two countries to be resolved, following the precedent set by the resolution of the barley case within the WTO.
He Yadong, the ministry's spokesman, confirmed that Australia has expressed its concerns regarding the WTO dispute cases related to anti-dumping and countervailing measures on barley and wine taken by China.
China has urged the United States to take concrete actions and respect the rules of the World Trade Organization to restore the normal functioning of the WTO dispute settlement mechanism, said the Ministry of Commerce in a statement.
The ministry's comments came as China filed an appeal with the WTO regarding the expert panel report on its countermeasures against the US Section 232 tariffs on steel and aluminum imports, on September 18.
China contends that the expert panel's ruling contains legal errors, prompting this appeal action to safeguard its own interests, in accordance with WTO regulations.
It is important to highlight that China's countermeasures target the US steel and aluminum tariffs, which are considered unilateral and protectionist measures and have previously been deemed in violation of WTO rules.
The commerce official called on the US to promptly rectify these non-compliant measures, and, in conjunction with other WTO members to uphold a rules-based multilateral trading system.
In December 2022, the WTO made a ruling stating that the Section 232 tariffs imposed by the US on steel and aluminum products in 2018, justified on national security grounds, were in violation of the organization's regulations.
Chong Quan, chairman of the China Society for WTO Studies, said in Xiamen that developing countries have been focusing on facilitating and opening up new sectors or activities to FDI.
Moreover, the Investment Facilitation for Development Agreement, a joint initiative with the most significant impact and the best development momentum of the WTO, has received support from both developing and developed members, said Li Chenggang, China's ambassador to the WTO.
So far, more than 110 WTO members have participated in investment facilitation negotiations, accounting for more than two-thirds of the total members.
China's contribution to global trade in goods, as shown by WTO data, jumped from 12.7 percent in 2018 to 14.4 percent in 2022.
China has taken urgent trade measures in accordance with Chinese laws and regulations as well as relevant provisions of the WTO regarding Japan's discharging of nuclear-contaminated water into the sea.
He Yadong, a spokesman for the ministry, said during a press conference in Beijing that China has repeatedly raised serious concerns and doubts at relevant meetings of the WTO and trade policy deliberations with Japan.
They also said the possibility of a legal case would not deter China from attempting to safeguard its rights and interests under the WTO framework.
Zhou Mi, a senior researcher at the Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation, which operates under the Ministry of Commerce, said WTO rules recognize that no country should be prevented from taking measures necessary for the protection of human, animal or plant life or health, and WTO members therefore could be exempted from the multilateral trading body's free trade provisions in specific instances.
He also said Japan has failed the transparency obligation of WTO members, which is one of the most important principles of the WTO agreement.
Following growing concerns over the safety of seafood originating in Japan, China has suspended their imports since Aug 24, and submitted a notification of the emergency import control measures to the WTO on Thursday.
On Monday, however, Japan submitted its counterargument in writing to the WTO, expressing its view that the suspension of imports by China is "totally unacceptable", and that "it strongly urges China to immediately repeal its measures".
In addition to the submission of its counterargument, Japan will continue to provide explanation on its position in related committees of the WTO, the Japanese ministry of foreign affairs said on its website.
Zhao Hong, a professor at Peking University's Law School and former chairperson of the WTO Appellate Body, said that without consultations with countries mostly affected, Japan's unilateral decision to release the contaminated water may also violate the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.
The issue should be assessed and addressed under the framework of science and WTO agreements, but it has been unfairly politicized, which is unfortunate, she said.
If Japan does file a case against China at the WTO, China would firmly protect its legitimate rights under the framework of the multilateral trading system, she said.
She said that Taiwan is suspected of violating WTO rules regarding the principles of nondiscrimination and the general elimination of quantitative restrictions, among others.
"The mainland has clearly expressed concerns multiple times at WTO reviews over Taiwan's trade policies, and urged the region to earnestly implement its WTO commitments," she said.
Protectionism decried; WTO report on Chinese countermeasures to be studiedChina has urged the United States to immediately lift the additional tariffs imposed on Chinese steel and aluminum imports as they violate rules of the World Trade Organization, the Ministry of Commerce said in Beijing late on Wednesday.
A ministry official made the remarks while responding to a WTO dispute settlement panel report about the countermeasures adopted by Beijing for Washington's Section 232 tariff measures related to steel and aluminum products.
The WTO panel found that China's measure to impose additional duties is inconsistent with certain articles of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade.
China has taken note of the WTO panel finding and is studying the report, and will follow up on it in accordance with WTO rules, the official said, adding that the case is rooted in the unilateralism and protectionism acts of the US.
Since March 2018, the US has been overstretching the concept of national security and imposing tariffs on steel and aluminum exports to the US from many WTO members, including China, the official said.
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