n.弛缓不能；失弛缓性（症）；食道失弛症

Achalasia is a rare disorder affecting the esophageal muscles, impairing their ability to contract and relax properly.
Symptoms often include difficulty swallowing solid foods, chest pain, and regurgitation of undigested food.
The diagnosis is typically made through a combination of clinical examination, endoscopy, and manometry tests.
Treatment options may involve medications, botulinum toxin injections, or surgery, such as Heller myotomy.
Long-term complications can arise if left untreated, including aspiration pneumonia and esophageal cancer.
Some patients respond well to initial treatments, while others may require repeated interventions.
Supportive care, like thickened foods and dietary modifications, is essential for symptom management.
Research is ongoing to better understand the underlying mechanisms of achalasia and develop new therapies.
In severe cases, a feeding tube may be temporarily inserted to bypass the affected esophagus.
Regular follow-up appointments with a gastroenterologist are crucial for monitoring and adjusting treatment plans.
阿查拉斯亚症是一种罕见影响食管肌肉的疾病，导致其收缩和松弛功能受损。
症状通常包括吞咽固体食物困难、胸痛以及未消化食物的反流。
诊断通常通过临床检查、内窥镜和压力测定等手段综合得出。
治疗可能涉及药物、肉毒杆菌毒素注射或手术，如赫勒肌切术。
如果不治疗，长期并发症可能会发生，如吸入性肺炎和食管癌。
一些患者对初始治疗反应良好，而另一些人可能需要反复治疗。
对症支持护理，如食用浓稠食物和饮食调整，对于症状管理至关重要。
对阿查拉斯亚症的潜在机理的研究正在进行，以开发新的治疗方法。
在严重情况下，可能需要临时插入胃造口管来绕过受影响的食管。
定期与胃肠科医生会诊是监控和调整治疗计划的关键。