The Starbucks China Farmer Support Center in Pu'er has been sharing its open-source agronomy expertise and resources since 2012.

The Kazakh side is responsible for the daily management of the demonstration gardens, while the Chinese side is responsible for providing crops and technologies, according to Guo Dongwei, associate professor of the college of agronomy at NWAFU.

Zhang Zhengmao, a professor at the university's college of agronomy, said: "Kazakhstan has vast land resources and is scarcely populated.