n.同种（异体）抗原

Alloantigens are proteins that trigger an immune response when they are recognized by the recipient's immune system as foreign.
After a transplant, the recipient's body may produce antibodies against the alloantigens present on the donor's cells.
The presence of incompatible alloantigens can lead to organ rejection in transplantation procedures.
Hemoglobin A1c, an alloantigen found in red blood cells, is used as a diagnostic marker for diabetes.
Alloantibodies play a crucial role in the process of hemolytic transfusion reactions.
In autoimmune diseases, the immune system mistakenly attacks its own alloantigens, causing inflammation and damage.
Cross-reactivity between dietary proteins and alloantigens can contribute to food allergies in some individuals.
Pre-natal screening for Rh alloantibody formation helps prevent complications in pregnancies with mixed Rh blood types.
Allogeneic stem cell transplants require careful matching to minimize alloantigen recognition and immune rejection.
Researchers are working on developing therapies that can modulate alloantigen responses to improve transplant outcomes.
同种异型抗原是当免疫系统识别到它们为外来物质时引发免疫反应的蛋白质。
移植手术后，接受者的身体可能会产生针对供者细胞上存在的同种异型抗原的抗体。
不兼容的同种异型抗原可能导致移植手术中的器官排斥。
红细胞中发现的Hemoglobin A1c是一种诊断糖尿病的标志物。
在溶血性输血反应过程中，同种异型抗体起着关键作用。
在自身免疫疾病中，免疫系统错误地攻击自身的同种异型抗原，导致炎症和损伤。
食物蛋白与同种异型抗原之间的交叉反应可能在某些人中导致食物过敏。
孕妇血型混合时，对Rh同种异型抗体会进行产前筛查以预防并发症。
异基因干细胞移植需要仔细匹配以降低同种异型抗原识别和免疫排斥的风险。
研究人员正在研发疗法来调节同种异型抗原反应，以改善移植治疗的效果。