Sunac's restructuring will cut about 45 percent of its total overseas public market debt, totaling $4.5 billion, and can provide the company with a buffer period of two to three years for overseas debt.

苏纳克的重组将削减其海外公开市场债务总额的45%，总计45亿美元，并为公司提供两到三年的海外债务缓冲期。

"But getting stuck isn't scary as plenty of opportunities arise in the process of addressing uncertainties," he said, noting that at this time, NdBR proved to be a valuable buffer.

他说：“但陷入困境并不可怕，因为在解决不确定性的过程中会出现很多机会。”他指出，目前，NdBR被证明是一个宝贵的缓冲。

"Li said China's emphasis on the real economy and the development of advanced manufacturing through intelligent digital technologies will help make China's economy more resilient, strengthen the capacity to buffer against external risks and shocks and build the country into a manufacturing powerhouse.

李表示，中国重视实体经济，通过智能数字技术发展先进制造业，将有助于提高中国经济的韧性，增强抵御外部风险和冲击的能力，并将国家建设成为制造业强国。

The past two years actually offered more buffer time for the company to think about the next steps for international success.

过去的两年实际上为该公司提供了更多的缓冲时间来思考下一步在国际上取得成功。

The technology company's low debt leverage, strong cash position and prudent approach to investments and acquisitions could provide it with a buffer against regulatory uncertainties.

The Brazilian company plans to create an over 50 million tons per year capacity buffer in the subsequent years.

They will go a long way in helping us to buffer our stocks for persons with severe malaria," said Aman.

AAC Technologies' diverse product lines will provide a buffer against product volatility caused by end-demand and technology transitions, while Sunny Optical will benefit from steady and large global demand for mobile phones and the increasing application of optical products in automobiles, surveillance cameras and other Internet of Things devices.

Its 43 gas stations in Hubei are in service and have provided 4,900 tons of petroleum products to the region to help buffer the impact of the novel coronavirus outbreak.

"An IPO in Hong Kong would also provide a diversification of funding for Alibaba in terms of geography and types of investors and a buffer to the shares listed on the New York Stock Exchange in case of global turmoil due to Sino-US trade friction," wrote Matteo Giovannini, a finance professional at Industrial and Commercial Bank of China in Beijing and a member of the China Task Force at the Italian Ministry of Economic Development, in a latest opinion piece published on the website of China Global Television Network.

"Although the game approval resumption timeline remains uncertain, Tencent's 15 mobile games in the pipeline with secured monetization licenses should provide some buffer.

It becomes more difficult for domestic businesses to use asset allocation as an effective risk buffer when the investment climate deteriorates.

China has ample space in macroeconomic policies to buffer short-term pressures, said Han Wenxiu, an official with the office of the Central Committee for Financial and Economic Affairs, on Wednesday.

Tian said the country has already rolled out a series of supportive measures in recent years, like reducing fees and taxes, lowering financing costs and supporting SMEs' access to funding, in a move to buffer the "scarring effect" of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Li Xianjun, an associate researcher with the Institute of Industrial Economics at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said China's efforts to put a development focus on the real economy and build up its strength in the modern industrial system will help make China's economy more resilient, strengthen the capacity to buffer against external risks and shocks, and build the country into a manufacturing powerhouse.

The integration will also help stabilize regional industrial chains and provide a stronger buffer against external risks, he added.

He said the country's emphasis on the real economy and the development of advanced manufacturing through intelligent digital technologies will help make China's economy more resilient, strengthen the capacity to buffer against external risks and shocks and build the country into a manufacturing powerhouse.

While facing pressures and challenges from a gloomy global outlook, slowing external demand and a weak property sector, China will be able to buffer headwinds and post notable growth this year, making a good start for building a modern socialist country in all respects, officials and analysts said.

So they have a buffer; they have opportunities to draw and get over difficult times," Helbling said.

Although business activity has been stifled by the pandemic, experts believe the government's recent measures to fine-tune its COVID policy alongside targeted macroeconomic policy easing will help stabilize the economy and buffer COVID-19's impact.

More precise COVID-19 containment is expected to buffer the downward pressures on the Chinese economy by minimizing disruptions to economic activity while avoiding large-scale waves of infection, economists said on Monday.

Key reasons behind such expectations are the country's mild price levels and the necessity to buffer the economic headwinds of the global economic slowdown, COVID-19 uncertainties and the ongoing real estate downturn, they said.

Experts said stepped-up monetary support to boost investment is expected to buffer the downside risks of real estate weakness and COVID-19 uncertainties, helping China's economic growth to pick up in the fourth quarter.

Li Xianjun, an associate researcher from the Institute of Industrial Economics at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said China's efforts to put development focus on the real economy and build up its strength in modern industrial system will help make the country's economy more resilient, strengthen the capacity to buffer against external risks and shocks, and build the country into a manufacturing powerhouse.

Zhou said the steady declines in factory-gate price inflation will provide a buffer for some midstream and downstream enterprises struggling with high input costs and imported inflationary pressure.

Thanks to China's significance in the global supply chain, the rising use of the renminbi can help buffer shocks in the global financial system brought by the US' tightening, said Hu Zhihao, deputy director of the National Institution for Finance and Development.

As China's trade surplus rose significantly to $97.94 billion in June from $78.76 billion in May, experts said the growth has helped buffer the yuan's exchange rate with other major currencies and further stabilize the domestic inflation rate, reducing the need to raise interest rates or intervene on the currency exchange rate.

Ying Xiwen, a senior researcher at China Minsheng Bank, said promoting the construction of advanced infrastructure with increased funding support will help expand effective investment, buffer short-term economic downward pressures and promote high-quality development in the long-term.

Proactive policies help hard-hit market players through large-scale tax refundsChina is considering additional fiscal policy support while mounting an all-out effort to put existing measures into place, providing a strong buffer against downward pressures on the national economy, officials and experts said on Tuesday.

Based on its advantages of a super large market, China should turn to the growth of new technology, new economy and new drivers to buffer external shocks and cyclical downward pressure, said Yang Guangpu, a researcher with the Development Research Center of the State Council.

For China, the country's vast domestic economy, relatively sound fundamentals, large foreign exchange reserves and a steady trade surplus provide a buffer against the spillover effects of US tightening, Huang said.

Experts said the remarks signaled that stronger policy efforts on multiple fronts could be in the pipeline to shore up the Chinese economy and buffer a rise in challenges at home and abroad.

In addition, Russia didn't suspend its main external energy supply flow, which will continue to supplement its foreign currency holdings and provide a buffer for the repayment of short-term foreign currency debt.

Wen Bin, chief researcher at China Minsheng Bank, said the latest RRR cut is of great necessity to buffer growing economic headwinds, as it will help alleviate financial burdens for market players, especially those facing the most acute difficulties.

"The capital outflow pressure facing the Chinese economy is expected to remain controllable as many long-term investors could still scale up their strategic allocation in Chinese financial assets, which will buffer the outflow of short-term speculative money," said Wang Qian, Vanguard's Asia-Pacific chief economist.

While the property sector continues to suffer from weakness, and geopolitical tensions have inflated commodity prices and could exert pressure on China's trade surplus, it is necessary for macroeconomic policies to more forcefully and effectively buffer the headwinds, said Zhu Haibin, J. P. Morgan's chief China economist.

Govt urged to adopt more expansionary fiscal and monetary policies this yearChina is fully capable of achieving its GDP growth target of around 5.5 percent, as the country has ample space in macroeconomic policies to buffer short-term pressures, political advisers and experts said on Wednesday.

"It is sensible to expand fiscal spending to boost infrastructure investments, a key buffer against the slowdown in real estate investments," Yu said.

The latest figures showed that the country's production activities remained robust, but consumption and investment remained lukewarm, underlining the necessity for policy support to bolster market demand and buffer downside risks, they said.

With accelerated infrastructure investment and stronger consumption to buffer slowing property development, China's economy may grow by about 5.4 percent next year, a steady level compared with this year after factoring in the impact of last year's super-low base, she added.

Xu added that an overall healthy job market has laid the foundation for consumption to pick up steam amid a stabilized epidemic situation, while the dynamic development of new industries and new business models will provide a key buffer against headwinds.

On the fiscal front, government bond issuance and fiscal spending will likely be accelerated and buffer downward economic pressure, he added.

The government is likely to adjust the macro policy to buffer downside economic pressure, with fiscal policy set to accelerate budgeted spending and tap into this year's local government special bond quota in the rest of the year.

He also noted that the Fed has built a buffer mechanism in preparation for the tapering process, referring to two monetary policy measures of standing repurchase agreement facilities-a domestic one for primary dealers and additional banks, and another one for foreign and international monetary authorities.

Expected tapering of US monetary stimulus to pose minor market risksThe expected tapering of US monetary stimulus moves may have some spillover effects on China in the form of higher financial market volatility and slower capital inflows, but strong economic fundamentals will help buffer such risks, experts said on Wednesday.

The economy is expected to achieve a more than 8 percent economic growth this year and continue to outpace the global level, providing a strong buffer against external shocks," Wang said.

Opening-up will be pushed forward, to re-calibrate the import, export and buffer reserves of commodities, facilitate custom clearance and better leverage international and domestic markets and resources, to more effectively ensure supply and keep prices stable.

"The ADB's report suggested that this year, in order to address potential challenges and safeguard financial stability, China's financial regulators may need to improve nonperforming loan management, consolidate the banking sector in an orderly manner and strengthen commercial banks' capitalization as the buffer to absorb shocks.

The Chinese economy still needs tax cuts to buffer downward pressure, given that the global recovery remains vulnerable to COVID-19 uncertainties, Bai said.

Multiple factors will help sustain steady economic recovery into 2021, he said, pointing to the country's vast domestic market as having provided a strong buffer against external uncertainties while accelerating digitalization spurs high-quality development.

When passing through the world's natural heritage site, the high-speed rail line only goes through the buffer zone of the Maolan national nature reserve in Guizhou.

He said that China's emphasis on advancing industrial modernization and building up its strength in a modern industrial system will help make the country's economy more resilient, build a buffer against external risks and shocks, and make the country a manufacturing powerhouse.

"She added that domestic home appliance enterprises should increase their R&D input in chips and crucial components, and strengthen independent innovation to establish a relatively complete supply chain system to buffer against shocks from external uncertainties.

The country's grain stock is sufficient and can hedge against risks in the market, Meng said, adding that the stable grain market in China offers a buffer against a potential global food crisis.

Li Qilin, chief economist at Shanghai-listed Hongta Securities, said proactive fiscal policy is expected to sustain robust expansion in infrastructure investment, a key buffer against rising economic headwinds.

The floor and ceiling aim to buffer the negative effects of violent fluctuations in international oil prices, as excessively high prices will add to consumer burdens.

However, we expect most rated developers will have sufficient liquidity buffer against the disruption in sales," said a Moody's report.

With that in mind, the company decided to modify the original route, which had been approved by the government, adding several kilometers to the line to buffer nearby villages.

China's emphasis on speeding up the building of a modern industrial system underpinned by the real economy will help improve the resilience of its industrial and supply chains, strengthen the capacity to buffer against external risks and shocks, and gain a competitive edge in strategically important fields, said Li Xianjun, an associate researcher with the Institute of Industrial Economics at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.

So that, to a certain extent, is going to provide a buffer against what will be a drop in consumer confidence" as inflation remains stubbornly high.

Deng Jianquan, a Kaiyuan analyst, said the moves will serve as a buffer to prevent fluctuations in the NEV market in 2023, which might otherwise experience turbulence as the government's subsidies will be completely withdrawn by the end of this year.

They have done this to avoid the problem of misjudging demand like they did in early 2021 and buffer the subsequent chip demand pressure.

Roy Lu, an independent auto analyst in Shanghai, said the resumption of production will greatly buffer the impact of the pandemic on China's automotive market, where production fell 11 percent and sales declined by 9 percent in March from the same month last year.

"Extending the subsidies will help buffer the impact of the pandemic, boost car sales, increase the sector's competitive edge and finally promote its high-quality development," said the finance ministry in a statement on Thursday.

A mobile cabin buffer zone has been specially built to quarantine local employees returning to work.

The US Department of Commerce's latest export restrictions on Huawei became effective on Friday, but with a 120-day grace period, which could serve as a buffer for Huawei to adjust its design and to increase the use of chips made by other domestic companies, Fang said.

While policymakers have not yet commented on the widely anticipated buffer fund, the benchmark Shanghai Composite Index closed up 1.8 percent on Wednesday to regain its 2,800-point psychological level.

Competitive real interest rate levels in China will buffer the impact of elevated US interest rates on the country's cross-border capital flows and enable it to decide the pace of monetary easing mainly based on domestic factors, they said, forecasting a potential interest rate cut in the fourth quarter.

China is likely to continue prioritizing domestic factors in its monetary policy as the new central bank governor takes office, treating solid economic growth as a buffer against any lingering uncertainties resulting from United States' monetary tightening, experts said on Wednesday.

Also strengthening the foundation of stability in the foreign exchange market will be China's ability to maintain a relatively high goods trade surplus as Chinese manufacturers' competitiveness in areas like new energy products will provide a buffer against weakening external demand, experts said.

However, financial regulators should minimize the impact of overlapping regulatory requirements on China's banking sector by fully considering factors such as additional capital requirements for global and domestic systemically important banks, leverage ratio requirements, and countercyclical capital buffer requirements, he said.

China's central bank announced on Friday it will cut the reserve requirement ratio for banks, a key move to boost financing of the real economy and buffer the economic impact of a rise in COVID-19 cases, experts said.

"The cut can boost market confidence and buffer the economic downward pressures brought about by a rise in COVID-19 cases, thus helping stabilize economic growth and employment," said Wang Qing, chief macroeconomic analyst at Golden Credit Rating International.

Accelerating the net-zero transition in developing economies is not only critical for avoiding a climate disaster but would catalyze reforms beneficial for their long-term growth and help them buffer external shocks like global inflation, Berglof said.

"Yet downward pressure should be taken seriously as foreign currency reserves act as a significant buffer against a variety of external shocks and uncertainties," Yang said.

Underlining stable economic growth as the ultimate shield against capital outflow risks, they said measures like cutting benchmark interest rates and required reserves of banks remain feasible tools for China's central bank in order to bolster domestic demand and buffer against global economic downward pressures.

Experts said the ongoing overseas tightening is unlikely to stop China's monetary policy from staying accommodative for economic recovery, given that the basis of recovery needs to be consolidated while stable economic growth remains the fundamental buffer against shocks brought by the global tightening trend.

China still has the space for interest rate cuts to buffer economic downward pressure, though the room for easing may narrow, as the United States is poised to act more aggressively against stubbornly high inflation, experts said on Wednesday.

Channel Yeung, a market analyst at FXTM, said the Fed's tightening is unlikely to alter the stance of the People's Bank of China, the country's central bank, to strengthen support for the economy, citing the buffer provided by the relative attraction of renminbi-denominated assets.

"Reasonable valuations after recent market corrections also provide Chinese equities with a buffer against potential stagflation risks, experts said.

But they still called for stepped-up policy efforts, including on the monetary front, to maintain the stability of the domestic economy and market expectations, which function as the fundamental buffer against external shocks.

This is because of the robustness of the Chinese economy relative to many other markets and the country's policy tools to buffer outflow pressures.

We favor a balanced exposure between new-economy stocks with a strong growth outlook and old-economy holdings with a valuation buffer.

While China is stepping up easing measures to buffer downward economic pressure, the US Fed is accelerating the pace of tightening to tackle inflation, hinting that it could start raising interest rates as soon as March.

To meet the new standards that Chinese financial regulators launched in October, the "Big Four "State-owned commercial banks－Bank of China, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, China Construction Bank and Agricultural Bank of China－may need to raise 4.3 trillion yuan ($673.8 billion) as a capital buffer to cushion shocks by 2025, the latest prediction from Fitch Bohua Credit Ratings Ltd said.

In addition, G-SIBs should also meet the regulatory requirements of capital cushion, including the reserve capital, countercyclical capital buffer and additional capital of systemically important banks.

The report showed that standards of regulating the systemically important banks are almost set in China as of the end of September, except for the leverage ratio buffer.

A more proactive fiscal policy will help shore up infrastructure investment and buffer the rising downside risks brought by lingering uncertainties surrounding COVID-19 that could inhibit the recovery in consumption, as well as a possible softening in export growth, Wang said.

Support from the government will underpin policy banks' capital, which is a buffer to absorb credit losses if the lenders cannot afford that through their own earnings, said Nicholas Zhu, an analyst with Moody's.

The ocean has absorbed 20 to 30 percent of carbon emissions from human activities in the last 50 years, acting as a buffer against climate change.

This will give extra time to banks to form a buffer against potential bad loans.

"The latest rules are in keeping with China's multiyear market reforms that help buffer investors' confidence in the quality of onshore listed assets," said Han Tan, a market analyst at FXTM, a United Kingdom-based global trading platform.

The central bank also said that it would establish a countercyclical capital buffer regime, which became effective from Sept 30, to protect the banking sector from periods of excess aggregate credit growth that have often been associated with the buildup of systemic financial risks.

During economic downturns, the capital buffer helps reduce risks that could arise when credit supply is crimped by the regulatory capital requirements.

Regulators will assess and adjust specific requirements for the capital buffer at regular intervals based on macroeconomic and financial projections, leverage level and the robustness of the banking system, the central bank said.

In December 2010, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision published the third version of a global regulatory framework for more resilient banks and banking systems, which presented the details of global regulatory standards on bank capital adequacy and liquidity, including a countercyclical capital buffer.

Banks need to raise loan loss provisions, the capital buffer, as their long-term rating outlooks have deteriorated due to the COVID-19 epidemic, said analysts.

China's latest cut in social insurance payments will offer enterprises a strong buffer against losses caused by the novel coronavirus outbreak, officials and experts said on Thursday.

"This helped reduce financing costs of the issuers and buffer the shocks of the epidemic on real-economy enterprises.

HKMA chief: Countercyclical capital buffer ratio for banks may be cut furtherThe Hong Kong Monetary Authority will adopt necessary measures including a possible further cut of the countercyclical capital buffer ratio for banks to maintain financial stability amid a deteriorating economic outlook, the authority's chief executive said.