n.成穴（指金属等表面形成空穴），空蚀，气蚀，空化，空泡形成

Cavitation often occurs in ship propellers when they operate at high speeds in water, leading to noise and damage.
当船舶螺旋桨在水中高速运转时，常会发生空化现象，从而导致噪音和损坏。
The formation of cavitation bubbles around the impeller blades reduces the efficiency of the centrifugal pump.
在离心泵叶轮叶片周围形成空化气泡会降低其工作效率。
In ultrasonic cleaning, cavitation is induced to agitate and dislodge contaminants from surfaces.
在超声波清洗中，通过诱导空化现象来振动并去除物体表面的污垢。
By controlling the pressure drop across an orifice, engineers can prevent cavitation from occurring.
通过控制孔口处的压力降，工程师可以防止空化现象的发生。
Cavitation inception typically happens when local fluid pressure drops below the vapor pressure.
空化起始通常发生在局部流体压力低于蒸汽压时。
Research suggests that cavitation may play a role in the pitting corrosion of metal surfaces.
研究表明，空化可能在金属表面的点蚀腐蚀过程中起到一定作用。
The rapid collapse of cavitation bubbles generates intense shockwaves that can erode material surfaces.
空化气泡的快速溃灭会产生强烈的冲击波，进而侵蚀材料表面。
Improving the design of hydrofoils can minimize cavitation and enhance their performance.
改进水翼设计可以最大限度地减少空化现象，提高其性能表现。
During sonothrombolysis, cavitation aids in the breakdown of blood clots by generating microjets.
在声学溶栓过程中，空化产生的微射流有助于血栓的破裂溶解。
A cavitating flow can lead to significant vibration and even mechanical failure of hydraulic components.
空化流动可能导致液压元件产生显著的振动，甚至造成机械故障。