n.染色质； 核染质

Chromatin is the complex of DNA, proteins, and other macromolecules that make up the chromosomes in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell.
染色质是由DNA、蛋白质和其他大分子组成的复合物，存在于真核细胞的细胞核中的染色体中。
During mitosis, chromatin condenses into visible metaphase chromosomes.
在有丝分裂过程中，染色质会凝聚成可见的中期染色体。
The packaging of chromatin into heterochromatin and euchromatin is crucial for gene regulation.
染色质被包装成异染色质和常染色质对于基因调控至关重要。
Chemical modifications to histones within chromatin can affect gene expression.
染色质内组蛋白的化学修饰可以影响基因表达。
Access of transcription factors to DNA is influenced by the chromatin structure.
转录因子对DNA的访问受染色质结构的影响。
DNA methylation is an epigenetic mark on chromatin that plays a role in gene silencing.
DNA甲基化是染色质上的一种表观遗传标记，参与基因沉默的过程。
The process of chromatin remodeling involves the repositioning of nucleosomes to alter gene accessibility.
染色质重塑过程涉及核小体重新定位以改变基因可及性。
During DNA replication, the chromatin must unwind so that polymerases can access the template strands.
在DNA复制过程中，染色质必须解旋以便聚合酶能够接触到模板链。
Specific chromatin modifiers, such as acetyltransferases, can add or remove chemical groups from histones to regulate transcription.
特定的染色质修饰酶（如乙酰转移酶）可以在组蛋白上添加或移除化学基团来调节转录。
Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is a technique used to identify protein-DNA interactions within chromatin.
染色质免疫沉淀（ChIP）是一种用于鉴定染色质中蛋白质-DNA相互作用的技术。