adj.亲（吸）电的，亲电子的

Electrophiles are attracted to regions of high electron density in molecules, seeking to accept those electrons.
亲电试剂倾向于吸引分子中电子密度高的区域，寻求接受那些电子。
The reaction between benzene and bromine is electrophilic aromatic substitution, where bromine acts as an electrophile.
苯和溴之间的反应是亲电芳香取代反应，溴作为亲电试剂起作用。
Aldehydes and ketones are electrophiles because their carbonyl carbon is highly electrophilic, making them susceptible to nucleophilic attack.
醛和酮是亲电试剂，因为它们的羰基碳高度亲电，容易受到亲核试剂的攻击。
In the mechanism of an electrophilic addition reaction, the nucleophile attacks the positively charged electrophile, forming a new bond.
在亲电加成反应机理中，亲核试剂攻击带正电的亲电试剂，形成新的共价键。
Oleum (fuming sulfuric acid) is a powerful electrophile due to the presence of sulfur dioxide, which can react with double bonds in alkenes.
腐蚀性硫酸（发烟硫酸）由于二氧化硫的存在而具有强亲电性，能与烯烃的双键反应。
The nitration of benzene involves an electrophilic substitution, where nitric acid acts as the electrophile and the benzene ring acts as the nucleophile.
苯的硝化是一个亲电取代反应，硝酸充当亲电试剂，苯环作为亲核试剂。
An electrophile can be a key component in organic synthesis, facilitating the formation of new functional groups through reactions with nucleophiles.
在有机合成中，亲电试剂可以是关键部分，通过与亲核试剂反应形成新的官能团。
In the Hofmann elimination, an alkyl halide reacts with an electrophilic base, leading to the loss of a leaving group and the formation of an alkene.
在霍夫曼消除反应中，卤代烷与亲电碱反应，导致离去基团的丢失并形成烯烃。
The Friedel-Crafts alkylation is an example of an electrophilic aromatic substitution where an alkyl halide acts as an electrophile and attacks the benzene ring.
弗里德兰茨-克雷斯特烷基化是一个例子，烷基卤代物作为亲电试剂攻击苯环进行亲电芳香取代。
Amino acids, as nucleophiles, often react with electrophilic reagents like acyl chlorides to form peptide bonds during protein synthesis.
在蛋白质合成过程中，氨基酸作为亲核试剂，常与酰氯等亲电试剂反应形成肽键。