n.无序状态测量法，熵(物质系统的不能用于作功的能量的度量)，无序状态

The entropy of the system increased as energy was transferred from the hot reservoir to the colder one.
系统的熵随着能量从高温热源转移到低温热源而增加。
In information theory, entropy measures the amount of randomness or uncertainty in a message or data set.
在信息论中，熵衡量消息或数据集中随机性或不确定性程度。
The second law of thermodynamics states that the total entropy of an isolated system must always increase over time.
热力学第二定律指出，孤立系统的总熵随时间必须始终增加。
By shuffling the deck of cards, we introduced additional entropy into the system, making it more difficult to predict the order of cards.
通过洗牌，我们向系统引入了额外的熵，使得预测卡片顺序变得更加困难。
A high-entropy password contains a mix of uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and special characters, making it extremely difficult to guess.
高熵密码包含大小写字母、数字和特殊字符的混合，使其极难被猜出。
The entropy of a gas increases when it expands freely into a larger volume, as its particles become more dispersed.
当气体自由膨胀到更大的体积时，其熵会增加，因为其粒子变得更加分散。
The concept of entropy is fundamental to understanding the directionality of natural processes, such as why heat flows from hotter to colder bodies.
熵的概念对于理解自然过程的方向性（如为什么热量从高温物体流向低温物体）至关重要。
The genetic entropy of a species can be reduced through natural selection, which favors beneficial mutations and eliminates detrimental ones.
物种的遗传熵可以通过自然选择减少，自然选择倾向于有利突变并消除有害突变。
The entropy of a black hole is proportional to its surface area, as described by the famous Bekenstein-Hawking formula.
黑洞的熵与其表面积成比例，这是由著名的贝肯斯坦-霍金公式描述的。
Entropy is a measure of disorder or lack of organization in a system, with higher entropy corresponding to greater disorder.
熵是衡量系统无序性或缺乏组织程度的度量，熵值越高对应着越大的无序性。