n.基本教育说；实在说

Essentialism argues that there are inherent qualities that define a particular thing or group.
本质论认为，有固有的特质定义了特定的事物或群体。
The essentialism of gender roles suggests that men and women have distinct, natural characteristics that dictate their behaviors and roles in society.
性别角色的本质主义认为，男性和女性具有不同的、自然的特征，这些特征决定了他们在社会中的行为和角色。
In philosophy, essentialism posits that objects have a specific essence that makes them what they are.
在哲学中，本质主义认为物体有一种特定的本质，这种本质决定了它们之所以成为它们自身。
The educational approach based on essentialism focuses on teaching core knowledge and skills considered fundamental to a well-rounded education.
基于本质主义的教育方法侧重于教授被认为是全面发展教育基础的核心知识和技能。
Critics argue that racial essentialism reinforces harmful stereotypes by assuming all members of a race share the same inherent traits.
批评者认为，种族本质主义通过假设一个种族的所有成员都具有相同的固有特征，从而强化了有害的刻板印象。
Essentialism in biology was challenged by the theory of evolution, which emphasizes change and adaptation over fixed essences.
生物学中的本质主义受到了进化论的挑战，进化论强调变化和适应而非固定的本质。
The concept of national identity often incorporates elements of cultural essentialism, assuming a shared set of values and traditions unique to that nation.
国家身份的概念常常包含文化本质主义的元素，假设有一套独特的、属于该国的价值观和传统。
Essentialist thinking in art suggests that certain forms or styles are inherently superior due to their adherence to timeless aesthetic principles.
艺术中的本质主义思维认为，某些形式或风格因其遵循永恒的美学原则而内在地更优越。
Critics of essentialism in literature argue that it oversimplifies complex human experiences by imposing static categories onto diverse narratives.
文学本质主义的批评者认为，它通过对多样化叙事强加静态类别，简化了复杂的人类经验。
The debate between constructivism and essentialism in sociology revolves around whether social phenomena are created by human interactions or have an inherent, predetermined nature.
社会学中建构主义与本质主义之间的争论围绕着社会现象是由人类互动创造的还是具有固有、预定的性质。