n.岩石圈，岩石层

The lithosphere is the outermost solid layer of the Earth, composed mainly of crust and upper mantle.
地壳和上地幔构成了地壳层，它是地球最外层的固态部分。
Tectonic plates within the lithosphere are responsible for the formation of mountains, valleys, and earthquakes.
地壳板块活动导致山脉、山谷的形成以及地震的发生。
Volcanoes often emerge from the weakened areas in the lithosphere where tectonic plates collide or separate.
火山通常从地壳板块碰撞或分离的薄弱地带喷发。
Lithospheric weathering is the process by which rocks break down due to physical, chemical, and biological agents.
地壳风化是指岩石由于物理、化学和生物作用而分解的过程。
The movement of the lithosphere drives plate tectonics, which in turn influences climate and the distribution of natural resources.
地壳运动驱动板块构造，进而影响气候和自然资源的分布。
The lithosphere's thickness varies from about 5-70 kilometers, with the oceanic crust being thinner than the continental crust.
地壳的厚度变化很大，从大约5到70公里，海洋地壳比大陆地壳薄。
Geologists study the structure and composition of the lithosphere to understand Earth's history and predict future geological events.
地质学家研究地壳的结构和组成，以了解地球的历史并预测未来的地质事件。
Lithospheric stress can accumulate over time, eventually leading to the release of energy in the form of earthquakes or volcanic eruptions.
地壳应力会随着时间积累，最终以地震或火山爆发的形式释放能量。
Mining activities often occur beneath the lithosphere, extracting valuable minerals from the crust and upper mantle.
采矿活动常常在地壳和上地幔中进行，开采有价值的矿物质。
The study of paleomagnetism in rocks provides insights into the movement of the lithosphere through Earth's history.
对岩石中的古地磁学的研究揭示了地壳在地球历史上的移动情况。