n.重商主义，商业本位(认为商业可增加财富)

Mercantilism was the dominant economic theory in Europe during the 16th to 18th centuries.
在16至18世纪期间，重商主义是欧洲主导的经济理论。
The mercantilist belief held that a nation's wealth was measured by its accumulation of gold and silver.
重商主义者认为，一个国家的财富可以通过其积累的金银来衡量。
In mercantilism, countries sought to maximize exports and minimize imports to create a positive balance of trade.
在重商主义中，各国寻求最大化出口并最小化进口以实现贸易顺差。
The British Empire practiced mercantilism by imposing strict regulations on colonial trade to favor domestic industries.
大英帝国通过实施严格的殖民地贸易规定来扶持国内产业，这是实践重商主义的一个例子。
Mercantilists believed that colonies existed primarily to serve the mother country's economic interests.
重商主义者认为殖民地主要存在的目的是服务于母国的经济利益。
During mercantilism, the Spanish government monopolized the New World's gold and silver mines to enrich the Crown.
在重商主义时期，西班牙政府垄断了新大陆的金矿和银矿，以充实王室财富。
Protectionist policies such as tariffs and subsidies were common tools of mercantilist policy.
关税和补贴等保护主义政策在重商主义政策中十分常见。
Mercantilism led to fierce competition between European powers for colonies and trading routes.
重商主义导致了欧洲列强之间对殖民地和贸易路线的激烈竞争。
Adam Smith criticized mercantilism for neglecting the concept of comparative advantage and hindering international trade.
亚当·斯密批评重商主义忽视了比较优势的概念，并阻碍了国际贸易的发展。
The signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1763 marked the end of the mercantilist era as Britain gained control over valuable North American colonies.
签订的《巴黎条约》标志着重商主义时代的结束，英国获得了北美诸多有价值的殖民地。