六级They also do not have access to quality health care or other prerequisites for upward social mobility.

他们也无法获得高质量的医疗服务或其他向上社会流动的先决条件。

2017年6月六级真题（第一套）听力 Section C

四级Older adults, especially those with limited mobility or difficulty driving on their own, are one of the classic use-cases for driverless cars.

老年人，尤其是那些行动不便或难以独立驾驶的老年人，是无人驾驶汽车的典型使用案例之一。

2016年6月阅读原文

六级So what factors, at the community level, do predict if poor children will move up the economic ladder as adults? What explains, for instance, why the Salt Lake City metro area is one of the 100 largest metropolitan areas most likely to lift the fortunes of the poor and the Atlanta metro area is one of the least likely?Harvard economist Raj Chetty has pointed to economic and racial segregation, community density, the size of a community's middle class, the quality of schools, community religiosity, and family structure, which he calls the single strongest correlate of upward mobility.

那么，在社区层面上，有哪些因素可以预测贫困儿童是否会在成年后的经济阶梯上上升呢？例如，是什么解释了为什么盐湖城大都会区是最有可能给穷人带来财富的100个最大大都会区之一，而亚特兰大大都会区是最不可能的地区之一？哈佛大学经济学家Raj Chetty指出了经济和种族隔离、社区密度、社区中产阶级的规模，学校的质量、社区的宗教信仰和家庭结构，他称之为向上流动的唯一最强关联。

2015年12月阅读原文

六级For all the new attention devoted to the 1 percent, a new dataset from the Equality of Opportunity Project at Harvard and Berkeley suggests that, if we care about upward mobility overall, we're vastly exaggerating the dangers of the rich-poor gap.

哈佛大学和伯克利大学机会均等项目（Equality of Opportunity Project）的一个新数据集表明，尽管人们对1%的人给予了新的关注，但如果我们整体上关心向上流动，那么我们就大大夸大了贫富差距的危险性。

2015年12月阅读原文

六级Inequality itself is not a particularly strong predictor of economic mobility, as sociologist Scott Winship noted in a recent article based on his analysis of this data.

正如社会学家斯科特·温希普（Scott Winship）在最近一篇基于对这些数据分析的文章中指出的那样，不平等本身并不是经济流动性的一个特别强的预测因素。

2015年12月阅读原文

六级Inequality is dangerous, he argued, not merely because it doesn't look good to have a large gap between the rich and the poor, but because inequality itself destroys upward mobility, making it harder for the poor to escape from poverty.

他认为，不平等是危险的，不仅因为贫富差距过大看起来不太好，而且因为不平等本身破坏了向上流动性，使穷人更难摆脱贫困。

2015年12月阅读原文

六级Interestingly, parents' attitudes toward education do not seem to reflect their own educational background as much as a belief in the importance of education for upward mobility.

有趣的是，父母对教育的态度似乎并没有反映出他们自己的教育背景，而是反映出他们相信教育对于向上流动的重要性。

2017年6月阅读原文

六级Based on my analyses of the data, of the factors that Chetty has highlighted, the following three seem to be most predictive of upward mobility in a given community:1.

根据我对数据的分析，在切蒂强调的因素中，以下三个因素似乎最能预测特定社区的向上流动性：1。

2015年12月阅读原文

六级It is the biggest obstacle to social mobility.

这是社会流动的最大障碍。

2015年12月阅读原文

六级These students need to build skills and knowledge during college if they are to use their degrees as a stepping- stone to middle-class mobility.

这些学生需要在大学期间培养技能和知识，如果他们想把自己的学位作为中产阶级流动的垫脚石。

2015年12月阅读原文

六级These students need to build skills and knowledge during college if they are to use their degrees as a stepping-stone to middle-class mobility.

如果这些学生想把自己的学位作为中产阶级流动的垫脚石，他们需要在大学期间培养技能和知识。

2015年12月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section C

六级Based on my analyses of the data, of the factors that Chetty has highlighted, the following three seem to be most predictive of upward mobility in a given community.

根据我对数据的分析，在切蒂强调的因素中，以下三个因素似乎最能预测特定社区的向上流动性。

2015年12月六级真题（第三套）阅读 Section C

六级Increased inequality and decreasing mobility pose a fundamental threat to the American Dream, he said.

他说，不平等加剧和流动性下降对美国梦构成了根本威胁。

2015年12月阅读原文

六级"Increased inequality and decreasing mobility pose a fundamental threat to the American Dream," he said.

“不平等加剧和流动性下降对美国梦构成了根本性威胁，”他说。

2015年12月六级真题（第三套）阅读 Section C

六级It is not a reliable indicator of economic mobility.

它不是经济流动性的可靠指标。

2015年12月阅读原文

六级Harvard economist Raj Chetty has pointed to economic and racial segregation, community density, the size of a community’s middle class, the quality of schools, community religiosity, and family structure, which he calls the “single strongest correlate of upward mobility.

哈佛大学经济学家Raj Chetty指出了经济和种族隔离、社区密度、社区中产阶级的规模、学校的质量、社区宗教信仰和家庭结构，他称之为“向上流动的最强关联”。

2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题（一）

六级Based on my analyses of the data, of the factors that Chetty has highlighted, the following three seem to be most predictive of upward mobility in a given community： In other words, communities with high levels of per-capita income growth, high percentages of two-parent families, and high local government spending—which may stand for good schools —are the most likely to help poor children relive Horatio Alger5s rags-to-riches story.

根据我对数据的分析，在Chetty强调的因素中，以下三个因素似乎最能预测特定社区的向上流动性：

2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题（一）

四级With today’s greater mobility and with so many couples working, those bonds have been weakened, replaced by a greater emphasis on self.

随着今天更大的流动性和如此多的夫妇工作，这些纽带已经被削弱，取而代之的是对自我的更加重视。

2002年1月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级Above all, the interstate system provides individuals with what they cherish most: personal freedom of mobility.

最重要的是，州际制度为个人提供了他们最珍视的东西：个人的行动自由。

2006年6月大学英语新四级(CET-4)真题

四级Older adults, especially those with limited mobility or difficulty driving on their own, are one of the classic use cases for driverless cars.

老年人，尤其是行动不便或难以独自驾驶的老年人，是无人驾驶汽车的经典使用案例之一。

2016 年 6 月大学英语四级考试真题（第3套）

四级San Jose had social mobility comparable to Denmark’s and Canada's and higher than other progres-sive cities such as Boston and Minneapolis.

圣何塞的社会流动性与丹麦和加拿大相当，高于波士顿和明尼阿波利斯等其他进步城市。

2020年12月大学英语四级真题（第1套）

四级This is a city of immigrants—38 percent of the city's population today is foreign-born—and immigrants and their children have historically experienced significant upward mobility in America.

这是一个移民城市——今天该市38%的人口是外国出生的——移民及其子女在美国历史上经历了显著的向上流动。

2020年12月大学英语四级真题（第1套）

四级The city has long had a large foreign-born population (26.5 percent in 1990), leading to broader diversi-ty,,which,the Harvard and Berkeley economists say,is a good predictor of mobility.

长期以来，该市一直有大量外国出生人口（1990年为26.5%），这导致了更广泛的多样性，哈佛大学和伯克利大学的经济学家表示，这是流动性的一个很好的预测指标。

2020年12月大学英语四级真题（第1套）

四级The city has a low preva-lenceu2029of children growing up in single-parent families,and a low level of concentrated poverty, both fac-tors that usually mean a city allows for good intergenerational mobility.

该市2029年在单亲家庭长大的儿童比例较低，集中贫困程度较低，这两个因素通常意味着该市具有良好的代际流动性。

2020年12月大学英语四级真题（第1套）

四级But San Jose also performs poorly on some of the measures correlated with good mobility.

但圣何塞在一些与良好流动性相关的指标上也表现不佳。

2020年12月大学英语四级真题（第1套）

四级Whether the city still allows for upward mobility of poor kids today, though, is up for debate.

然而，这座城市今天是否仍然允许贫困儿童向上流动，还有待商榷。

2020年12月大学英语四级真题（第1套）

四级Some San Jose residents say that as inequality has grown in recent years,upward mobility has become much more difficult to achieve.

一些圣何塞居民表示，随着近年来不平等现象的加剧，向上流动变得更加困难。

2020年12月大学英语四级真题（第1套）

四级That comment, says Mothering Justice director Danielle Atkinson,“was meant to shame and relied on the familiar notion that a woman of color concerned about income inequality and programs that pro-mote mobility must by definition be a single mom, probably with multiple kids.

《母亲正义》导演丹妮尔·阿特金森表示，这一评论“意在羞辱并基于一种熟悉的观念，即关注收入不平等和促进远程流动的有色人种女性必须是单身母亲，可能有多个孩子。”。

2020年12月大学英语四级真题（第2套）

考研Possessing a car gives a much greater degree of mobility, enabling the driver to move around freely.

拥有一辆汽车可以提供更大程度的机动性，使驾驶员能够自由移动。

1989年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

考研In addition to this, there is the growing mobility of people since World War Ⅱ.

除此之外，自第二次世界大战以来，人们的流动性也在不断增加。

1995年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

考研Thus just as earlier theories have explained the mobility of the continents, so hot spots may explain their mutability (inconstancy).

因此，正如早期的理论解释了大陆的流动性一样，热点也可以解释它们的可变性（不稳定性）。

1998年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题