Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, are the fundamental building blocks of life.
核酸（如DNA和RNA）是生命的基本构成要素。
The structure of
nucleic acids is critical for their function in storing and transmitting genetic information.
核酸的结构对于它们在储存和传递遗传信息方面的作用至关重要。
Through
nucleic acid testing, scientists can identify various organisms, including viruses and bacteria.
通过核酸测试，科学家可以识别各种生物体，包括病毒和细菌。
PCR (polymerase chain reaction) is a technique used to amplify specific segments of
nucleic acids.
PCR（聚合酶链反应）是一种用于扩增特定核酸片段的技术。
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a type of
nucleic acid that carries genetic code from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis.
信使RNA（mRNA）是一种携带从DNA到核糖体进行蛋白质合成遗传密码的核酸。
In molecular biology,
nucleic acid hybridization is used to detect complementary sequences in DNA or RNA samples.
在分子生物学中，核酸杂交被用来检测DNA或RNA样本中的互补序列。
CRISPR-Cas9 is a revolutionary gene editing tool that allows precise modification of
nucleic acid sequences.
CRISPR-Cas9是一种革命性的基因编辑工具，能够精确修改核酸序列。
The human genome project aimed to map out all the genes contained within human
nucleic acids.
人类基因组计划旨在绘制出人类核酸中包含的所有基因。
Microarrays are used to measure the expression levels of thousands of
nucleic acid sequences simultaneously.
微阵列技术被用于同时测量数千个核酸序列的表达水平。
Nucleic acid aptamers are synthetic molecules that bind to specific targets with high affinity, similar to antibodies.
核酸适配体是类似于抗体的高度亲和性结合特定靶标的合成分子。
Another set of systems can effectively support production not only in traditional areas such as antibodies, vaccines, recombinant proteins and blood products but also for emerging therapeutics like plasmids, viral vectors and nucleic acids.
另一套系统不仅可以有效支持抗体、疫苗、重组蛋白和血液制品等传统领域的生产，还可以有效支持质粒、病毒载体和核酸等新兴疗法的生产。
The government released a series of new guidelines last week to further optimize the prevention and control measures of the pandemic, and travel between provinces will no longer require negative nucleic acid test results.
政府上周发布了一系列新的指导方针，以进一步优化疫情的防控措施，各省之间的旅行将不再需要核酸检测结果呈阴性。
"I've done a nucleic acid test every day since Oct 13.
“从10月13日起，我每天都要做核酸检测。
Zhongguancun Life Science Park located in Future Science City in Beijing's Changping district is home to the city's 10 certificated third-party nucleic acid testing firms and has become one of the areas in the city with the most institutes of this kind, according to Jin Yi, deputy director of the Future Science City administration body.
中关村生命科技园位于北京市昌平区未来科学城，是该市10家有资质的第三方核酸检测公司的所在地，已成为该市此类机构最多的地区之一，未来科学城管理机构副主任金毅表示。
The park was able to test as many as millions of nucleic acid samples in the peak period of the outbreak in Beijing and some of the firms gave a helping hand to other places beyond Beijing.
在北京疫情爆发的高峰期，该公园能够检测多达数百万份核酸样本，其中一些公司向北京以外的其他地方伸出了援手。
The first nucleic acid test reagent approved in Beijing amid the outbreak of the pandemic in the beginning of 2020 was produced in the park.
在2020年初疫情爆发期间，北京批准的第一种核酸检测试剂是在该公园生产的。
On May 24, it announced that a nucleic acid test kit for detecting hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV developed by Sanway Gene, its wholly owned subsidiary, had received certification from a European Union Notified Body, marking the fourth Conformite Europeenne (CE) certification obtained by Sansure Biotech for List A products following the certification of three other products on May 20.
5月24日，该公司宣布，其全资子公司三威基因开发的一种用于检测乙型肝炎、丙型肝炎和艾滋病毒的核酸检测试剂盒已获得欧盟公告机构的认证，这标志着继5月20日其他三种产品获得认证后，三威生物技术公司第四次获得a级产品的符合欧洲标准（CE）认证。
All visitors to the resort are required to make reservations online, undergo body temperature checks, and present a green health QR code as well as a negative nucleic acid test result taken within 72 hours prior to entry, according to the statement.
声明称，所有前往度假村的游客都必须在线预订，接受体温检查，并出示绿色健康二维码以及入境前72小时内的核酸检测阴性结果。
All guests are required to provide a 72-hour negative nucleic acid test result.
所有客人需提供72小时核酸检测阴性结果。
All guests, regardless of age, are required to present a green Shanghai health QR(quick response) code and show proof that they have a negative result from a nucleic acid test taken within 72 hours before entering the resort.
所有客人，无论年龄，都必须出示绿色的上海健康二维码，并出示进入度假村前72小时内核酸检测呈阴性的证明。
The system integrates seven functions - mask detection, temperature screening, health code verification, vaccination record query, nucleic acid report query, electronic-ID verification and the newly added antigen test result query function in response to Shanghai's latest epidemic control requirements.
该系统集成了七项功能——口罩检测、体温筛查、健康码验证、疫苗接种记录查询、核酸报告查询、电子身份验证和新增加的抗原检测结果查询功能，以响应上海最新的疫情控制要求。
Meanwhile, the stationed personnel should monitor their health and complete nucleic acid and antigen tests every day.
同时，派驻人员应监测健康状况，每天完成核酸和抗原检测。
All factory employees will have to take a nucleic acid test each day.
所有工厂员工每天都必须进行核酸检测。
The official added that the government will make every effort to ensure the supply of medical materials, strengthen production scheduling and guarantee key medical necessities, including nucleic acid tests and antigen detection reagents, so as to meet the needs of medical supplies in Shanghai and elsewhere.
这位官员补充说，政府将尽一切努力确保医疗物资供应，加强生产调度，保障包括核酸检测和抗原检测试剂在内的关键医疗必需品，以满足上海和其他地方的医疗物资需求。
Those who have already returned were quarantined for 14 days and received negative nucleic acid test results, Lee said.
李说，那些已经返回的人被隔离了14天，核酸检测结果呈阴性。
A medical team of 180 nucleic acid testing experts from Xi'an Dianli Hosptial, which is a subsidiary of China General Technology (Group) Holding Co, arrived in Shanghai on April 3 to support a mobile laboratory used to analyze 20,000 nucleic acid test samples every day.
4月3日，中国通用技术（集团）控股有限公司旗下西安电力医院的一支由180名核酸检测专家组成的医疗队抵达上海，支持一个用于每天分析2万份核酸检测样本的移动实验室。
During two rounds of nucleic acid testing in Shanghai, more than 3,200 medical workers from Zhongye Hospital took samples from over 1.3 million people.
在上海的两轮核酸检测中，来自中冶医院的3200多名医务工作者从130多万人身上采集了样本。
In just a month, the clinical department of the hospital completed over 400,000 nucleic acid tests, more than the number of tests it had processed in the past two years combined.
在短短一个月内，该医院的临床部门完成了40多万次核酸检测，超过了过去两年的检测总数。
"BGI Genomics provided a full set of nucleic acid detection solutions and a virus sequencing platform to Saudi health authorities, helping the country establish a monitoring capability for COVID's mutated strains.
“华大基因向沙特卫生当局提供了全套核酸检测解决方案和病毒测序平台，帮助该国建立了对新冠病毒变异株的监测能力。
All residents in Zhengzhou have been required to undergo nucleic acid tests, including hundreds of thousands of employees at the local Foxconn factories.
郑州的所有居民都被要求接受核酸检测，包括当地富士康工厂的数十万员工。
In addition to having a QR code for tracking, each batch of cherries can only be admitted to the JD warehouse on the condition of having a COVID-19 nucleic acid testing report, inspection and quarantine certificate for entry goods, and a sanitization report.
每批樱桃除了要有二维码进行追踪外，还需要有新冠肺炎核酸检测报告、入境商品检验检疫证明和卫生处理报告才能进入京东仓库。
For instance, in March, BGI Genomics, a Shenzhen, Guangdong province-based genomics sequencing company, established Huo-Yan Laboratory, a standardized nucleic acid testing platform, in numerous countries around the world.
比如，3月，广东深圳的基因组学测序公司华大基因（BGI Genomics）在世界各地建立了标准化的核酸检测试验室“火眼实验室”（Huo-Yan Laboratory）。
Shao said that officials and professionals from the NMPA were available for consultations on the phone and online chat groups around the clock when the company was running against time to develop nucleic acid detention reagents for COVID-19 early this year.
邵说，今年早些时候，公司在争分夺秒研发新冠病毒核酸检测试剂时，NMPA的官员和专业人士通过电话和在线聊天群组提供24小时咨询服务。
"One strength of our COVID-19 nucleic acid testing product is that it traces three genes of the novel coronavirus at the same time to prevent undetected infections as much as possible even when the density of the virus load is low," he said.
他指出，公司研发的COVID-19核酸检测试剂盒的一大优势是，能同时检测新冠病毒的三个基因靶点，即便病毒载量低，也能尽量避免漏检。
The team helped the construction personnel apply for visas, undergo nucleic acid tests and health checks, and equipped them with medical supplies.
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, market demands and brand awareness for masks, respirators, nucleic acid tests and vaccines have improved, driving up the brand value of the whole industry.
As an incentive, carriers may increase the number of international flights to two per week on a route if for three consecutive weeks no passengers test positive for the virus in nucleic acid tests.
As there is potential risk of infection in the COVID-19 nucleic acid tests, safety protection in the lab is extremely important.
These kits help avoid misdiagnosis and serve as an important supplement to the standard nucleic acid diagnostic tests.
During the window period, if adopting proper testing methods, such as nucleic acid testing, the coronavirus can be detected.
Wuhan CNNC CIRC Clinical Laboratory received approval to carry out nucleic acid tests in late February, and has been able to test between 300 and 500 samples a day.
Thanks to much-improved research and development capabilities, Chinese companies were able to develop nucleic acid test kits quickly in January, soon after Chinese scientists published the genomic sequence of the virus, and then developed antibody tests later in February.
The National Medical Products Administration said it had approved 11 nucleic acid test kits and eight antibody test kits as of March 17.
It will help alleviate two common problems of nucleic acid tests－low viral load in throat swab samples and high risk of exposing medical staff to infection.
Shanghai Geneodx Biotechnology Co Ltd, a genomic sequencing subsidiary of China National Biotech Group Co Ltd under Sinopharm, announced it had acquired European Conformity approval of its self-developed 2019-nCoV nucleic acid detection kits, giving it the green light for offering assistance to the world in the fight against COVID-19.
Wang Peijun, chairman of the committee of the radiology branch under the Shanghai Medical Association, said even though computerized tomography imaging offers valuable guidance for COVID-19 detection, the nucleic acid test is still a gold standard for confirmed cases, as CT image shadows could be caused by other lung diseases.
"Nucleic acid detection and CT imaging play collaborative and complementary roles in identifying SARS-CoV-2," he said.
"We continue to place a high priority on the welfare of all our employees and apply all recommended health and hygiene practices to all aspects of our operations, including the use of nucleic acid tests and chest X-rays when required.
Shanghai GeneoDx Biotech Co Ltd, another affiliate of CNBG, has taken the lead in developing nucleic acid detection kits, which were offered to the centers for disease control and prevention at all levels for frontline detection.
Two months ago, it introduced targeted COVID-19 testing policies for passengers aged 2 and older from China, requiring them to offer a negative nucleic acid test result within two days before their flight.
Meanwhile, South Korea said on Wednesday it will lift COVID-19 control restrictions for travelers from China starting on Saturday, and people who want to enter South Korea from China will not need to provide a negative nucleic acid test result within 48 hours before departure.
On March 1, South Korea lifted its policy requiring travelers from China to undergo nucleic acid testing after landing in the country and requiring all fights from China to land at the country's Incheon International Airport.
In the past few years, a large portion of China's fiscal expenditure has been spent on nucleic acid testing and other COVID-related projects, which have little positive impact on household savings and finances.
Under Class B management, travelers no longer need to present health codes and negative nucleic acid test results or undergo temperature checks when entering railway stations and airports.
According to the latest travel policy, announced by the State Council's Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism on Dec 27 and to take effect on Jan 8, international passengers arriving in the Chinese mainland no longer need to quarantine or undergo a nucleic acid test on arrival.
Travel portal Fliggy pointed out that while China has optimized its COVID-19 policies and relaxed entry restrictions, some countries and regions still require travelers from China to take a nucleic acid test on arrival.
For example, the United States announced last week that all travelers, age 2 and older, must have a negative nucleic acid test result 48 hours before departure from the Chinese mainland, Hong Kong or Macao.
Japan, South Korea and Italy announced that people arriving from China must show a negative nucleic acid test result.
Masked youngsters lined up in Shanghai for blockbuster movies, with no worries over the expiration date of their nucleic acid tests.
The central government announced optimized epidemic control measures on Nov 11 and Dec 7, lifting restrictions on domestic travel, allowing home quarantine for asymptomatic and mild cases and cutting mass nucleic acid testing.
The tone-setting conference was held after China optimized its anti-virus approach to allow home quarantine for asymptomatic and mild cases and cut mass nucleic acid testing, among others.
The new measures reduced scenarios requiring mandatory nucleic acid tests, including for people traveling within the country.
The new measures have also reduced scenarios requiring mandatory nucleic acid tests, including for people traveling within the country.
In 2022, employees of privately or individually owned businesses in the food-service or retail industries will be provided with free nucleic acid testing.
The government can set up a special fund to cover their expenses related to COVID-19 prevention, such as nucleic acid testing, quarantine costs and treatment.
"I did a free nucleic acid test when I got off the plane.
China Telecom Corp Ltd, another major domestic telecom services provider, sent its emergency 5G base station vehicles out multiple times to set up telecom networks for nucleic acid test sites and centralized isolation sites.
Key measures include encouraging financial institutions to extend support to hard-hit sectors and encourage eligible areas to offer free nucleic acid tests to workers in the retail and catering sectors.
In terms of reducing enterprises' anti-pandemic costs, the government will offer free regular nucleic acid testing for the staff members in small- and medium-sized enterprises in several sectors, such as catering, delivery and cold-chain imports.
The factory operates in a closed management mode, providing daily nucleic acid testing for all working staff members and dividing production and living areas in grids.
The country will issue sufficient travel permits that can be recognized across the nation and make sure that nucleic acid test results within 48 hours can be used in different regions, according to the meeting.
Authorities should not restrict travels on the grounds of waiting for drivers' nucleic acid test results, according to the meeting.
The State Council also called for free nucleic acid testing services to be offered to truck drivers and ship crew members, and for traffic permits recognized across the country to be issued to vehicles carrying important supplies.
For example, the national policy stipulated that 50 percent of the cost of employees from retail and catering enterprises undergoing nucleic acid tests will be subsidized.
A total of 8.26 million residents in the regions east of the Huangpu River as well as key areas in Puxi, or regions west of the river, underwent nucleic acid testing on Monday as the municipality kicked off a new round of testing for residents that day.
The local municipal government announced on Sunday night a new round of nucleic acid testing will first begin in regions east of the Huangpu River, including the Pudong New Area, to curb the novel coronavirus.
Travelers must produce valid 48-hour negative nucleic acid testing results to leave or enter the city.
Free nucleic acid tests are available at major testing centers in the city for people who have been granted certificates to enter the fair's exhibitions.
Zhang Qingfu, a fair participant, said relevant departments have offered free nucleic acid testing services to participants and visitors and have in place a strict COVID-19 pandemic prevention and control system.
Liu Chengyong, deputy director of the Guangzhou city health commission, said anyone who wants to enter the exhibition halls of the fair, including participants and visitors, will be required to show negative results of nucleic acid testing done within 48 hours.
All fair participants and visitors will also be required to show a 48-hour negative nucleic acid test result when they want to leave or return to the city during the fair period, Liu said.
Free nucleic acid tests are available for people who have been granted certificates to enter the exhibition halls of the fair starting Oct 8.
Free nucleic acid tests are available for people who have been granted certificates to enter the fair's exhibition, organizers said.
Free testing servicesZhang Qingfu, a fair participant, said the organizing committee is offering participants and visitors free nucleic acid testing services in the exhibition halls and is introducing a strict COVID-19 pandemic prevention-and-control system, to provide buyers and sellers a good and safe environment.
Free nucleic acid tests are available for the people who have been granted certificates to enter into the exhibition halls of the fair.
Ningbo-Zhoushan Port suspended all container services and ship operations in Meishan Port area on Aug 11, after a worker tested positive for COVID-19 during routine nucleic acid testing.
The operation of East China's Ningbo-Zhoushan Port has remained smooth after it suspended all container services and ship operations in the Meishan Port area on Aug 11, after a worker tested positive for COVID-19 during routine nucleic acid testing, the Ministry of Commerce said.
Overall operations at Ningbo-Zhoushan Port were stable, despite that on Aug 11 a worker in its Meishan Port area tested positive for COVID-19 in routine nucleic acid testing, thanks to the prompt and effective measures by the operator.
It also produced English-language videos of throat-swab nucleic acid testing and also protection for medical workers, sharing the footage with hospitals in ASEAN countries.
By using the app, Malaysians can make appointments for nucleic acid testing.
Specifically, all frozen and chilled meat and aquatic products imported through Shenzhen are required to pass through the new warehouse and undergo packaging disinfection as well as nucleic acid tests.
Cold-chain products lacking proof of disinfection, nucleic acid test certificates or traceable and trustworthy origins must be denied importation, Chen said.
Ethan Bai, CEO of Shenzhen-based frozen meat and seafood import platform Optima Integration Group, said: "Before entering the market, our imported frozen foods must obtain four certificates－Customs inspection and quarantine certificates, disinfection certificates, nucleic acid testing certificates and information tracing certificates.
Peng Wensheng, chief economist with China International Capital Corp, said China adopted effective epidemic prevention and control measures such as strict social distancing and large-scale nucleic acid testing, helping people to get back to work and resume business and production quickly.
The public health sector highlights a variety of anti-epidemic products, technologies and services for COVID-19 prevention and control, such as negative pressure ambulances, nucleic acid testing kits, ECMO devices and CT scanners.
Applicants are requested undergo a nucleic acid test before booking their dates of visit.
Upon their arrival in the country, all of them need to make a health declaration, have their temperature taken, and go through nucleic acid tests.
All such exhibitors and exhibition participants will be subject to a 14-days quarantine at designated hotels, and will undergo nucleic acid tests two more times on the fifth and 12th day, respectively, during their quarantine periods.
The government said all local participants at the exhibition must hold a valid negative nucleic acid test report within seven days before entering the exhibition venue.
China has resumed outbound group tours to 60 countries, and most of them have canceled the requirements of providing negative nucleic acid test results.
Mainland and Hong Kong railway authorities have agreed to remove the requirement for passengers traveling to Hong Kong on the Guangzhou-Hong Kong High-speed Railway to present negative nucleic acid test results.
Under the new policy, overseas travelers departing the two regions who haven't traveled to other international destinations within seven days of departure can enter the mainland without a negative nucleic acid test result.
Visitors do not need to quarantine or test upon arrival according to the recently optimized COVID-19 measures, however passengers from Chongqing still need to have a green Macao health code and present a negative nucleic acid test result obtained within 72 hours of boarding; even though passengers from Macao do not need a nucleic acid test.
Customs clearance procedure and efficiency for imported fruits at the Nansha Port has been dramatically optimized, with containers being directly trucked to cold chain warehouses inside the Nansha container terminals and completing a one-stop service for inspection, disinfection and nucleic acid testing, according to the port company.
Industry players estimate that there will be a relatively larger flow of people taking long-haul trips around New Year's Day and the Spring Festival, as traveling between provinces will no longer require negative nucleic acid test results, according to the latest guidelines.
Customs clearance procedure and efficiency for imported fruits at the Nansha Port will be dramatically optimized, with containers being directly trucked to cold chain warehouses inside the Nansha container terminals and completing one-stop service for inspection, disinfection and nucleic acid test, according to the port company.
Han noted that imposing excessive measures on truck drivers, such as prohibiting trucking services in "lockdown" areas or stopping truckers waiting for nucleic acid test results, is also banned.
Travelers with negative nucleic acid test results within 48 hours of departure, can take all transportation for travel between provinces, said a Ministry of Culture and Tourism notice issued on Tuesday.
They also reduce COVID-19 quarantines for incoming travelers and close contacts from 10 to eight days, and inbound travelers will be asked to provide one negative result instead of two from nucleic acid testing conducted no more than 48 hours before boarding.
For example, in November 2020, the team installed lamps in 60 nucleic acid test spots within 24 snowy hours in Binhai.
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