n.核小体

A nucleosome is the basic repeating unit of chromatin, consisting of DNA wrapped around histone proteins.
核小体是染色质的基本重复单位，由DNA缠绕在组蛋白上构成。
Nucleosomes help in packaging DNA into a more compact form within the cell nucleus.
核小体有助于将DNA包装成细胞核内更紧凑的形式。
The structure of a nucleosome involves two turns of DNA around an octamer of histone proteins.
核小体的结构包括两圈DNA围绕八个组蛋白形成的八聚体。
During transcription, the remodeling of nucleosomes can either facilitate or impede access to DNA by transcription factors.
在转录过程中，核小体的重塑可以促进或阻碍转录因子对DNA的访问。
Post-translational modifications on histones within the nucleosome play a critical role in regulating gene expression.
核小体内组蛋白上的翻译后修饰在调控基因表达中起着关键作用。
In eukaryotic cells, the first level of DNA organization occurs through the formation of nucleosomes.
在真核细胞中，DNA的第一级组织结构是通过形成核小体实现的。
Nucleosomes are assembled during DNA replication and disassembled during processes like DNA repair and recombination.
核小体在DNA复制期间组装，并在DNA修复和重组等过程中解组装。
The positioning of nucleosomes along the DNA sequence influences the accessibility of regulatory elements to the cellular machinery.
沿DNA序列的核小体定位影响调控元件对细胞机器的可及性。
Epigenetic changes, such as histone modification within nucleosomes, can be passed down through cell divisions without altering the DNA sequence.
如核小体内的组蛋白修饰等表观遗传变化可在不改变DNA序列的情况下通过细胞分裂传递下去。
High-throughput sequencing techniques have been instrumental in mapping the precise locations of nucleosomes across the genome.
高通量测序技术对于在整个基因组中精确映射核小体的位置起到了关键作用。