adj.同 philosophical，哲学的

Philosophy is the love of wisdom, and the study of general and fundamental problems about existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language.
Socrates' dictum "Know thyself" embodies the philosophical quest for self-awareness and personal understanding.
Aristotle's concept of eudaimonia, or living a good life, emphasizes the ethical dimension of philosophy.
笛卡尔的"我思故我在" (Cogito, ergo sum) 是西方哲学中关于怀疑主义和唯理论的经典论述。
The Heideggerian notion of Being-in-the-world highlights the human experience as grounded in our relationship with reality.
Kant's categorical imperative guides moral decision-making by emphasizing universal principles.
Nietzsche's critique of morality challenges traditional values and encourages individuals to create their own meaning.
Schopenhauer's pessimism asserts that life is fundamentally unhappy and suffering is inherent in existence.
Existentialism asserts that individuals must choose their own path in an uncertain and often meaningless world.
Spinoza's pantheism posits a unity between God and the universe, suggesting that everything is interconnected in a divine order.
哲学是对智慧的热爱，研究存在、知识、价值、理性、心灵和语言等普遍和基础问题。苏格拉底的"认识你自己"体现了自我认知的哲学追求。亚里士多德的"幸福生活"理念强调了哲学中的道德层面。笛卡尔的"我思故我在"是怀疑主义和唯理论的代表观点。海德格尔的存在论关注人与世界的关系。康德的绝对命令为道德决策提供普遍原则。尼采对道德的批判鼓励个人创造意义。叔本华的悲观主义认为人生本质上不幸，苦难是存在的本质。存在主义者主张个体在不确定的世界中必须自主选择。斯宾诺莎的泛神论主张上帝与宇宙是一体，万物在神的秩序中相互关联。