n.颅相学

原形：phrenology复数：phrenologists

Phrenology was a popular pseudoscience in the 19th century that claimed to determine personality traits and mental abilities by feeling the bumps on a person's skull.
纪，颅相学曾是一种流行的伪科学，声称通过触摸人头骨上的凸起可以确定其性格特征和智力水平。
According to the principles of phrenology, a bump above the ear might indicate a strong memory.
按照颅相学的原则，耳上方的凸起可能表明记忆力强。
Phrenologists believed that the shape and size of different areas of the skull corresponded to specific character traits.
颅相学家认为，头骨不同区域的形状和大小与特定的性格特征相对应。
The practice of phrenology has been thoroughly discredited by modern neuroscience.
现代神经科学已经彻底否定了颅相学的实践。
Despite its debunking, phrenology played a significant role in the early history of psychology, influencing ideas about the localization of brain functions.
尽管已被揭穿，颅相学在心理学早期历史上扮演了重要角色，影响了关于大脑功能定位的思想。
Some antique shops still display phrenology heads, which were used as teaching aids to illustrate the supposed connections between skull anatomy and personality.
一些古董店仍然展示颅相学头像，这些头像曾被用作教学辅助工具，用来说明颅骨解剖学与个性之间的假定联系。
Phrenology's popularity waned as more scientifically rigorous methods for understanding the brain emerged.
随着更科学严谨的大脑研究方法的出现，颅相学的受欢迎程度逐渐减弱。
Though considered pseudoscientific today, phrenology was once taken seriously by many intellectuals and even influenced practices like education and criminal justice.
尽管今天被视为伪科学，颅相学一度被许多知识分子认真对待，甚至影响了教育和刑事司法等实践。
Critics argue that phrenology promoted harmful stereotypes and justified discrimination based on physical characteristics.
批评者认为，颅相学推广了有害的刻板印象，并基于身体特征合理化了歧视行为。
Modern neuroimaging techniques have superseded phrenology, allowing scientists to map brain functions with far greater accuracy.
现代神经成像技术已经取代了颅相学，使科学家能够以更高的准确性绘制大脑功能图。