质粒

The plasmid is a small, circular piece of DNA that can be transferred between bacteria.
原生质体是一个小型的、环状的DNA片段，可以在细菌之间转移。
Researchers have inserted a gene for antibiotic resistance into the plasmid for easy selection.
研究人员将抗生素抗性基因插入到原生质体中，以便于选择。
Plasmids often carry genes that confer beneficial traits on bacteria, such as the ability to produce useful enzymes.
原生质体通常携带有赋予细菌有益特性的基因，如产生有用酶的能力。
Scientists can manipulate plasmids in the laboratory to create genetically modified organisms (GMOs).
科学家在实验室中可以操纵原生质体来创造出转基因生物（GMOs）。
The expression of a foreign protein in bacteria is often achieved by inserting it into a plasmid.
外源蛋白在细菌中的表达通常通过将其插入到原生质体中实现。
Plasmids are commonly used as vectors in molecular biology experiments to transfer genetic material between organisms.
在分子生物学实验中，原生质体常被用作载体，用于在生物体间转移遗传物质。
Bacteria can acquire new traits through horizontal gene transfer, facilitated by the exchange of plasmids.
细菌可以通过水平基因转移获得新特性，这是通过原生质体交换实现的。
A plasmid can replicate independently of the host chromosome, allowing for rapid amplification in bacterial cultures.
原生质体能独立于宿主染色体复制，这使得在细菌培养物中快速扩增成为可能。
Some plasmids contain antibiotic resistance genes that pose a threat to public health if they spread to pathogenic bacteria.
一些原生质体含有抗生素抗性基因，如果这些基因传播到致病菌中，会对公共卫生构成威胁。
Scientists study plasmids to understand bacterial evolution and develop strategies to combat antibiotic resistance.
科学家研究原生质体以了解细菌进化，并开发对抗抗生素耐药性的策略。