The government implemented protectionist policies to shield domestic industries from foreign competition.
政府实施了保护主义政策，以保护国内产业免受外国竞争的影响。
The new tariff on imported steel is an example of
protectionism in action.
对进口钢材征收的新关税是保护主义实际运用的一个例子。
Protectionism can lead to trade wars, as seen in the escalation of tensions between the US and China.
保护主义可能导致贸易战，正如美国和中国之间紧张局势升级所显示的那样。
Critics argue that
protectionism hampers economic growth by reducing international trade.
批评者认为，保护主义通过减少国际贸易而阻碍经济增长。
Some countries use
protectionism as a tool to protect their infant industries.
一些国家利用保护主义作为保护其新兴产业的一种工具。
The European Union's Common Agricultural Policy has been criticized for being overly protectionist.
欧盟共同农业政策因其过于保护主义而遭到批评。
In response to the pandemic, some governments turned to
protectionism to secure their own medical supplies.
针对疫情，一些政府转向保护主义，以确保自身的医疗物资供应。
Protectionism can result in higher prices for consumers due to decreased competition.
保护主义可能会因竞争减少而导致消费者支付更高的价格。
The concept of free trade versus
protectionism has been a long-standing debate in global economics.
自由贸易与保护主义之间的概念一直是全球经济学中的长期争论焦点。
Despite the potential short-term benefits, many economists warn against adopting protectionist measures as they could have negative long-term consequences.
尽管可能存在短期利益，但许多经济学家警告不要采取保护主义措施，因为它们可能会带来负面的长期后果。
"So my sincere hope is that as we discuss how a World Trade Organization-based trade order is developed further, we don't take the route toward more protectionism, because that will not lead to economic growth.
“因此，我真诚地希望，在我们讨论如何进一步发展基于世界贸易组织的贸易秩序时，我们不要走上更多保护主义的道路，因为这不会导致经济增长。
It is clear that China is further advancing opening-up and promoting globalization, a trend that stands out in the global landscape of rising protectionism, Wu said, adding that protectionism and foreign investment regimes are part of Temasek's top-of-mind issues in a complex world.
吴说，很明显，中国正在进一步推进开放和促进全球化，这一趋势在保护主义抬头的全球格局中尤为突出。他补充说，保护主义和外国投资制度是淡马锡在复杂世界中最关心的问题之一。
"China's manufacturers should transition from exporting products to exporting industrial capacities, ramping up localized operations abroad and speeding up their layouts in overseas markets, so as to cope with changes in the global economic landscape and rising trade protectionism," Li said.
李说：“中国的制造商应该从出口产品过渡到出口工业能力，加强海外本地化运营，加快海外市场布局，以应对全球经济格局的变化和日益上升的贸易保护主义。”。
Despite facing geopolitical risks, rising unilateralism and protectionism, and strengthened requirements for compliance management this year, the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China will continue to promote international operations, a senior executive of the bank said on Friday.
中国工商银行一位高管周五表示，尽管今年面临地缘政治风险、单边主义和保护主义抬头以及合规管理要求加强，但该行仍将继续推进国际业务。
Although facing protectionism and anti-globalization sentiment in certain parts of the world, China has been expanding high-level opening-up with concrete action and has been continuing to encourage domestic companies to grow their global market presence, said Zhao Ping, deputy head of the Academy of China Council for the Promotion of International Trade in Beijing.
中国国际贸易促进委员会副主任赵平在北京表示，尽管在世界某些地区面临保护主义和反全球化情绪，但中国一直在以实际行动扩大高水平开放，并继续鼓励国内企业扩大其全球市场。
Against the background of rising protectionism in the world, FDI in China has continued to set new records in recent years, making the nation the world's second-largest FDI receiver for four successive years since 2017.
在世界保护主义抬头的背景下，近年来，中国的外国直接投资继续创下历史新高，自2017年以来连续四年成为世界第二大外国直接投资接收国。
"The current international situation is indeed somewhat complicated, but France will obviously opt for a more open stance when a choice is to be made between more trade protectionism and greater opening-up and liberalization," said French Ambassador to China Laurent Bili.
法国驻华大使洛朗·比利表示：“当前的国际形势确实有些复杂，但当在更多的贸易保护主义和更大的开放和自由化之间做出选择时，法国显然会选择更开放的立场。”。
Over the past decade, TCL has been striving to expand its industrial chain and supply chain into global market, as globalization can minimize the impact of trade protectionism, Li added.
李东生补充道，在过去十年中，TCL一直在努力将其产业链和供应链扩展到全球市场，因为全球化可以最大程度地减少贸易保护主义的影响。
Thanks to the high-level free trade agreement between China and ASEAN, as well as two-way production capacity cooperation, their enhanced industrial and value chains have helped companies on both sides to better cope with uncertainties caused by protectionism, the COVID-19 pandemic and the global recession, said Xu Ningning, executive president of the China-ASEAN Business Council.
中国-东盟商务理事会执行会长许宁宁表示，得益于中国与东盟之间的高水平自由贸易协定以及双向产能合作，双方增强的工业和价值链帮助双方企业更好地应对了保护主义、新冠疫情和全球经济衰退带来的不确定性。
Over time, we believe nationalism and protectionism will diminish and we will move back to the progression of a more liberalized trade world. "
我们相信，随着时间的推移，民族主义和保护主义将减弱，我们将重新回到更加自由化的贸易世界的进程。
Chinese logistic service providers must pay close attention to the pandemic situation in their overseas markets, and prevent risks caused by protectionism.
Despite the shrinking of the global trade market and rising protectionism, Ning said that the dual-cycle development pattern will help Chinese companies to better adapt to the current global business environment.
TAILG Group, one of the country's leading electric vehicle manufacturers, will step up its efforts in exploring the overseas market despite the rising trade protectionism in some countries.
Unfoundedly excluding Huawei's involvement from setting up a 5G network in Germany would be blatant discrimination against Chinese companies and would send the wrong signal of protectionism, Chinese Ambassador to Germany Wu Ken said on Wednesday.
"With the slowdown in growth for major economies and the rise of protectionism and unilateralism, the environment for outbound investments will become more difficult for sovereign wealth funds like the CIC, whose overseas investments will also face greater legal, compliance and safety risks due to increasing political interference and tighter restrictions, Peng said.
Describing the opening as "a vote of confidence"in the bright future of Sino-British financial cooperation and a further testament to China's continuing reform and opening-up, he said: "The opening proves that despite the challenges of protectionism and unilateralism, China will not close the door, instead, China will open its door even wider to the world.
Gao Feng, spokesman for the Ministry of Commerce, said at a briefing that the concept of national security "should not be used as a tool for trade protectionism".
He said the UK bears responsibility in "safeguarding free trade and opposing protectionism".
As technology giant Huawei faces the apparent rise of protectionism in Western countries, leading European industry insiders and academics suggest the Chinese company must focus on nurturing its solid ties with key existing overseas partners in order to wade through difficult times.
Some experts say these developments are signs of protectionism.
Since the United States continues to engage in both protectionism and deglobalization, it is incumbent upon Chinese private firms to be nimble, competitive, diversified and better managed to meet the challenges.
Ning Gaoning, chairman of Sinochem Group, said as many parts of the world are facing challenges created by protectionism and isolationism, the expo is a practical measure for China to facilitate global trade flow and the group plans to import more quality crude oil, fertilizer and high-end chemical products to meet China's growing demand for different industries.
”Thexa0success of the Chinese steel industry and Ansteel Group critically depends on the relationship with partners on the domestic and global value chain, and such cooperation is even more important in light of the environment the steel industry faces, including rising protectionism, she observed.
ANKARA－Turkey is gearing up for the first China International Import Expo where its firms will be actively seeking new cooperation and trade opportunities in a global market increasingly affected by crippling US protectionism.
Ten years later, questions such as whether the US financial sector is truly out of the woods and whether the world’s economies can coordinate an effective global response should another financial calamity strike amid rising protectionism still linger.
With rising protectionism, the increasingly apparent lack of enthusiasm by the United States for multilateralism — evident in the US withdrawal from a bevy of world bodies such as UNESCO and the UN Human Rights Council, and a threat to pull out of the WTO — along with the Trump administration’s penchant to use tariffs as a foreign policy tool, observers doubt whether a global response can be counted on if another grave financial crisis hits.
Taiyuan Iron and Steel Group Co Ltd is improving its product quality and variety through supply-side reform and intensive innovation, to face up to rising pressure from China-United States trade tensions and global trade protectionism.
Haier Group, the country's largest home appliances manufacturer, said it will continue to develop its brand overseas, guide international standards and capture high-end markets, when faced with rising trade and investment protectionism.
The response from major economies cannot be protectionism but unilaterally opening up their economies further to avoid the slippery slope to economic stagnation.
"As the import volume of China's commercial vehicle products increased, some governments moved toward protectionist measures in favor of the local automobile industry, and trade protectionism has risen," Lan said.
"We also appeal to the Chinese government departments concerned to conduct bilateral or multilateral negotiations with foreign countries to tackle the rise of trade protectionism.
SACE Chairman Beniamino Quintieri said the opening of the office in the Chinese mainland is "leading testimony at this controversial time", in reference to the rising trade protectionism in some parts of the world.
Firm committed to providing advice for global investment, operational strategyDespite the uncertainties surrounding China-US trade relations and rising protectionism in the world, Robert E. Moritz, chairman of the PricewaterhouseCoopers International Network, said he still sees positive trends that will fuel the global economy's steady and more inclusive growth.
Li said as many parts of the world are still confronting cumbersome issues of trade protectionism created by the United States, many multinationals are eager to seek new business opportunities spawned by the initiative and teaming up with Chinese companies to pursue their economic goals.
"If the US attempts to curb China's development and force China to make concessions by sticking to its unilateral protectionism at the cost of harming the interests of Chinese and US companies, it miscalculates," he said.
Gao said China does not want to see the World Trade Organization trade remedy measures abused or used for protectionism, after the US launched anti-dumping and anti-subsidy measures against Chinese steel wheels and claimed on Wednesday that general-purpose aluminum alloy plates from China received government subsidies.
"If the US begins to impose tariffs on aviation products and parts manufactured in China, all its major companies will also suffer the consequence of trade protectionism," said Tu Xinquan, a professor at the University of International Business and Economics.
China's commerce ministry voiced opposition to trade protectionism over the incident.
Ahead of the 40th anniversary of the reform and opening-up this year, China's move set an example for a world plagued by protectionism and showed the willingness to share its success with rest of the world, no matter developed or developing countries.
"The global economy faces instability, uncertainty and threats of protectionism.
Diplomatically, China is becoming one of the most important and responsible major nations, promoting global trade against the rising backdrop of protectionism.
Monser also voiced support for fair and open trade, calling it the foundation of international commerce and an effective tool against protectionism that can harm consumers and businesses.
"The US is one of the most difficult markets in the world for us to tap into, due to its protectionism.
Cui Hongjian, professor of the Academy of Regional and Global Governance at Beijing Foreign Studies University, said that it reflected a commitment from both nations to foster open and fair trade in an era where protectionism has cast a shadow over international commerce.
"Against the backdrop of the surging anti-globalization and protectionism, the collaborative move between China and Switzerland sent out the clear signal of upholding the rules-based multilateralism and free trade," the expert told Xinhua.
However, weighed down by sluggish external demand, rising trade protectionism, intensifying geopolitical tensions and recent disruptions to key trade routes, the country may still face severe challenges, they added, calling for more favorable policies to help businesses navigate the mounting headwinds in trade.
Despite some developed economies leaning toward protectionism, China has unwaveringly expanded high-standard institutional opening-up, and is seeking to integrate deeper into global industrial and supply chains through proactive opening-up measures.
Looking ahead, Pan said more efforts should be made to boost confidence of private businesses, including stabilizing expectations on economic prospects, eliminating local protectionism and ensuring equal treatment of private enterprises and SOEs.
"China's steady economic growth and ongoing technological advancement will provide vast opportunities for private sector development, while the sector's constituent businesses will also face pressures from the sluggish global economic recovery, the rise of trade protectionism and intensified market competition.
Li added that the country has made concrete progress in building a unified national market in terms of addressing prominent issues related to local protectionism and market segmentation as well as promoting reforms in key areas.
"Zhao Chunlei, an official with the State Administration for Market Regulation, highlighted the importance of breaking local protectionism and administrative monopolies.
Efforts will be made to tackle issues such as market segmentation and local protectionism through special rectification campaigns, in order to remove obstacles hindering the development of a unified national market, the meeting said.
By eliminating local protectionism and market segmentation, China can create a more dynamic and integrated economic landscape, which will further leverage the advantages of the country's superlarge market, optimize resource allocation based on market forces, and promote collaboration and coordination among different regions, he said.
Zhao Zhongxiu, president of the University of International Business and Economics in Beijing, said: "Facing rising protectionism in the world, China is determined to expand high-level opening-up.
"The delayed impact of aggressive interest rate hikes by central banks in Europe and the US could potentially dampen the outlook for global demand," he said, adding that the resurgence of trade protectionism and the impact of volatility in global financial markets further contribute to the challenges facing China's foreign trade.
Despite a rise in protectionism and mounting uncertainties worldwide, China and Europe should continue to promote bilateral relations and pragmatic cooperation in various fields, creating a rising number of opportunities for companies, said Li Chunlin, deputy head of the National Development and Reform Commission.
Yi Xiaozhun, former deputy director-general of the WTO, said economic globalization has faced strong headwinds in recent years as major developed economies are turning away from traditional trade liberalization toward unilateralism and trade protectionism.
The world is seeing a rise in unilateralism and protectionism, and some countries are seeking "decoupling" under the pretext of "de-risking".
Chen Wenling, chief economist at the China Center for International Economic Exchanges, said stable business ties between the world's two largest economies will serve to counteract anti-globalization sentiments and growing protectionism.
China will further expand market access and increase imports, Premier Li Qiang said at the opening ceremony of the ongoing sixth China International Import Expo in Shanghai, amid a gloomy world merchandise outlook and intensifying trade protectionism.
Multilateral trading system to combat unilateralism, protectionism in focusAll countries should promote the multilateral trading system with the World Trade Organization at its core, given multiple challenges like geopolitical tensions, rising protectionism and climate change, government officials and experts said on Monday.
Ling Ji, vice-minister of commerce and China's deputy international trade representative, stressed that efforts to promote openness and the multilateral trading system are needed as unilateralism and protectionism have been on the rise in recent years.
(Or) how can we find a new balance between security and the economy that helps us protect ourselves and protect businesses without protectionism?
This has evolved into a tool that the United States has used to exert pressure and implement trade protectionism as well as counter China in political ideology.
China will always stand on the right side of history, follow the logic of progress of the times, firmly oppose unilateralism and protectionism, resolutely uphold the authority and effectiveness of the multilateral trading system, fully and deeply participate in the reform of the WTO and promote the early entry into force of the Investment Facilitation for Development agreement, he stressed.
Their research, which resonated with a prevailing trend of trade protectionism in the US, gained significant attention across various fields, with a large number of articles and reports by think tanks referring to its findings.
In recent years, the rising tide of protectionism and anti-globalization in some countries, especially developed nations, has led to their adoption of restrictive trade and investment measures, casting doubt on the prospects of an open global economy.
Sun Shangwu, deputy editor-in-chief of China Daily, noted that the world still faces rising protectionism, unilateralism and hegemonism, while decoupling, supply chain disruption and de-risking remain prevalent.
China, they added, will not seek decoupling, but safeguard the stability of the global supply chain together with other countries, despite the international rise in protectionism and nationalism.
Otherwise, populism, nationalism and even protectionism would still emerge.
Despite the rise in protectionism globally and the United States' attempts at ousting China from the global supply chain, Yu Yongding, an academic member of the CASS, said China will further promote trade liberalization, adhere to multilateralism and advocate the authority of WTO and other international institutions.
BEIJING — Cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative has been a key force driving global growth over the past decade as the global economy faces mounting challenges, including a sluggish recovery and rising protectionism.
"The BRI is a key platform for galvanizing the global economy," said Wang Fan, president of China Foreign Affairs University, who pointed to a throng of challenges facing global growth prospects, including rising protectionism and volatility in the international landscape.
I'm absolutely looking forward to seeing China play an important role," Schussel said, adding that global trade has proved resilient in the face of multiple shocks amid rising protectionism and trade tensions.
Amid growing anti-globalization sentiment, rising unilateralism and increasing protectionism — coupled with the lingering impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and intensifying geopolitical tensions — global trade is currently facing headwinds, said Zhou Mi, a senior researcher at the Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation.
That seemed poignant because the expo also served as a reminder that when unilateralism and protectionism are on the rise, events like this have the power to not only promote win-win cooperation, but shape a new collective identity for people as global citizens.
China is expected to step up policy support to further stabilize its exports, which face a continuous impact from subdued external demand amid rising protectionism and global economic uncertainties, according to experts and government officials.
In recent years, driven primarily by their self-interests, Western developed countries have intensified protectionism, posing significant challenges to economic globalization.
The EU's probe is an act of trade protectionism, which will affect the green cooperation between the two sides and the stability of the global automotive industrial and supply chains, Wang said, calling on the EU to engage in dialogue and consultations with China.
He listed a few risks and issues that the world economy faces, such as trade protectionism and climate change.
The rise of anti-globalization and trade protectionism has severely impacted international trade, investment and financial cooperation, leading to the adjustment and reorganization of global industrial and supply chains.
"The China-ASEAN partnership is a great example of strengthening multilateral cooperation without leaning toward protectionism, unilateralism or economic nationalism, the officials said.
The COVID-19 pandemic, geopolitical conflicts, and trade and investment protectionism have led to sluggish world economic recovery and cross-border investment.
Protectionism decried; WTO report on Chinese countermeasures to be studiedChina has urged the United States to immediately lift the additional tariffs imposed on Chinese steel and aluminum imports as they violate rules of the World Trade Organization, the Ministry of Commerce said in Beijing late on Wednesday.
China has taken note of the WTO panel finding and is studying the report, and will follow up on it in accordance with WTO rules, the official said, adding that the case is rooted in the unilateralism and protectionism acts of the US.
The release of the MOC report has demonstrated that China is a true upholder of multilateralism and is firmly against hegemony and protectionism, said Zhao Hong, a professor at Peking University's Law School and former chairperson of the WTO Appellate Body.
Their common voice on the multilateral trading system, WTO reform, protectionism and globalization will strengthen free trade, investment and global economic cooperation, he said.
"The Chinese economy is not only a catalyst for faster growth of the world economy, but also a catalyst for promoting cooperation, promoting trade and opposing protectionism," Philippine Star columnist Li Tianrong commented.
During the past four years, there has been a rise in the tide of anti-globalization, accompanied by evident increases in unilateralism and protectionism.
The following year, G20 leaders held two additional summits in quick succession, reaching an important consensus on promoting global economic recovery and opposing protectionism.
Rising unilateralism, protectionism and de-globalization harm the environment for international businesses and partnerships.
Unilateralism, protectionism and de-globalization are on the rise.
- China, together with the international community, pushes for trade and investment liberalization and facilitation, and opposes protectionism and decoupling and disrupting supply chains in any form, Chinese Premier Li Qiang said here Friday in his speech delivered at the closing ceremony of the Summit for a New Global Financing Pact.
Meanwhile, growing de-globalization and protectionism are reshaping global trade supply chains, inducing pressure on Chinese enterprises engaged in foreign trade, said Xu Hongcai, deputy director of the economic policy committee at the China Association of Policy Sciences.
Ye Yindan, a researcher at the Bank of China Research Institute, said that China aims to set up a unified market system, and bring an end to local protectionism, market segmentation and impediments restricting economic circulation as well as facilitate the smooth flow of goods, factors and resources.
Despite the obstacles presented by protectionism and geoeconomic fragmentation, the summit set up a strong basis for long-term cooperation in many areas, such as infrastructure, trade, regional connectivity, green growth and cultural exchanges.
Joint efforts should be made to reject unilateralism, protectionism, bullying, economic coercion, acts of decoupling and severing supply chains to keep global industrial and supply chains stable and promote the recovery and development of the world economy, she said.
However, weighed down by shrinking global demand, rising protectionism, higher exchange-rate volatility and increasing overall costs, private firms, especially smaller ones, still face challenges in scaling up foreign trade growth, Zhang said.
Guo Yanjun, director of the Institute of Asian Studies at China Foreign Affairs University, said against the backdrop of trade protectionism from some countries and increasingly fierce competition on the global stage, it is very necessary to establish the world's largest free trade bloc, which has showcased China's firm determination to advance high-level opening-up and promote global development.
China, Japan and South Korea should cooperate to strengthen ties, they sayFacing challenges caused by protectionism and geo-economic fragmentation, joint efforts should be made to boost regional economic integration among China, Japan and South Korea in the next stage, experts from home and abroad said on Sunday.
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