The US government has been implementing
protectionist policies to safeguard domestic industries from foreign competition.
美国政府一直推行保护主义政策，以保护国内产业免受外国竞争。
Protectionism is a strategy where countries raise tariffs on imported goods to shield domestic producers from international pressure.
保护主义是一种策略，通过提高进口商品关税来保护国内生产商不受国际压力。
Critics argue that protectionism leads to inflation and reduces overall economic efficiency.
批评者认为，保护主义会导致通货膨胀并降低整体经济效率。
In the face of global economic uncertainty, some nations have adopted
protectionist measures to prioritize their own industries.
面对全球经济不确定性，一些国家采取了保护主义措施，优先考虑本国产业。
The European Union's stance against protectionism is based on the principle of free trade among its member states.
欧盟反对保护主义的原则是基于其成员国之间的自由贸易。
The rise of protectionism has sparked debates about the balance between national interests and global cooperation.
保护主义的兴起引发了关于国家利益与全球合作之间平衡的讨论。
Many developing countries fear that
protectionist policies in developed nations could exacerbate their economic challenges.
许多发展中国家担心发达国家的保护主义政策会加剧他们的经济困境。
Despite calls for protectionism, international trade agreements often aim to promote openness and reduce barriers to trade.
尽管有保护主义呼吁，但国际贸易协定通常旨在促进开放和减少贸易壁垒。
Economists warn that protectionism can lead to retaliatory measures by other nations, creating a cycle of negative consequences.
经济学家警告说，保护主义可能导致其他国家的报复性措施，形成恶性循环。
Some businesses argue that protectionism offers short-term benefits but ultimately hampers long-term growth through reduced competition.
一些企业认为，保护主义短期内有利，但从长远来看，由于减少了竞争，反而阻碍了增长。
Meacock was excited to see what China is doing to encourage trade and foreign investment in China, as a number of nations are becoming more nationalistic and protectionist with policies not good for growth, or the globe.
Meacock对中国采取的措施感到兴奋，这些措施旨在促进贸易和外国投资，因为许多国家正在采取更具民族主义和保护主义的政策，对经济增长和全球发展不利。
However, branding is increasingly becoming a game-changer in shaping consumer perceptions, especially as a growing protectionist sentiment looms over the global economy, said Chris Reitermann, Asia and China CEO of Ogilvy.
然而，正如全球经济增长中日益显现的保护主义情绪那样，品牌建设正日益成为塑造消费者观念的一个关键因素，奥美亚洲及大中华区首席执行官Chris Reitermann如是说。
But analysts were cautious about whether his departure would dent Alibaba's globalization ambition of serving 2 billion users and creating 100 million jobs by 2036 amid economic uncertainty and rising protectionist sentiment.
Huawei "has an excellent position in the infrastructure market in Spain," he said, adding that the US has been adopting several protectionist measures because Huawei surpasses them in this field.
The US should "show sincerity" in bilateral trade talks and take convincing steps to correct its protectionist behavior, he said.
"As the import volume of China's commercial vehicle products increased, some governments moved toward protectionist measures in favor of the local automobile industry, and trade protectionism has risen," Lan said.
The US should really review its protectionist stance on trade policy and respect multilateralism.
German car maker Daimler AG is the first major international corporation to issue a profit warning in response to the Trump administration's protectionist "America First" doctrine.
The unexpected and ironic consequences prompted Trump, who has increasingly resorted to protectionist measures against key trade partners including the EU and China, to call upon Harley-Davidson again on Thursday to keep its production in the United States.
The report was released at a time when tensions between the world's two largest economies escalated following a series of protectionist tariff measures unveiled by the Trump administration, raising concern for a trade war.
Although hindered by the proposed protectionist rhetoric, the world economy is in the "strongest shape it has been since 2010," said the business leader.
There are concerns about protectionist moves by the United States, which could affect Chinese trade.
The unilateral and protectionist US measures, which undermine the principles of free trade and damage the stability of the international market, will pose challenges to China’s efforts to achieve self-reliance in this strategic sector and, more importantly, will hinder global technological progress and cooperation, said Gu Wenjun, chief analyst of ICwise, a Shanghai-based semiconductor market research company.
China firmly opposes protectionist actions through the misuse of trade remedy measures, said the Ministry of Commerce at a news conference in Beijing.
It is important to highlight that China's countermeasures target the US steel and aluminum tariffs, which are considered unilateral and protectionist measures and have previously been deemed in violation of WTO rules.
In response to unprecedented challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic, the two sides chose to reinforce efforts for free, fair and open trade whereas some countries resorted to inward-looking and protectionist policies.
China's exports increased 0.8 percent year-on-year in the first eight months, despite lackluster overseas demand, rising protectionist pressures and intensifying geopolitical tensions, offering an encouraging boost to the country's economic recovery, said experts and executives.
In addition to stressing that broadening the concept of national security is detrimental to normal economic and trade interactions, Wang highlighted that implementing unilateral and protectionist measures goes against market rules and the principles of fair competition, ultimately harming the security and stability of global industrial and supply chains.
"We have noted that China and the US have recently encountered some difficulties and challenges in bilateral trade and investment, which are closely related to the series of unilateral and protectionist measures taken by the US side," Shu said.
The report disclosed that since 2017, the US government had adopted a series of unilateral and trade protectionist measures and pursued an "America First "approach.
The root cause of the problem in this case is the unilateral and protectionist moves of the United States, the official said, adding that China's countermeasures were taken in accordance with the law and are legitimate actions to safeguard the country's legitimate rights and interests.
The official pointed out that the primary issue in this situation stems from the one-sided and protectionist actions initiated by the US.
According to the report, since 2017, the US government has adopted a series of unilateralist and trade protectionist measures, and has pursued an "America First" approach.
The US has adopted various protectionist practices, such as abusing the national security exception, imposing high tariffs and trade restrictions, providing massive subsidies to support domestic industry, instigating decoupling and fragmenting industrial and supply chains, and promoting "near-shoring" and "friend-shoring", which has seriously disrupted the security and stability of global industrial and supply chains, the report said.
Multinational corporations are increasingly concerned about their supply chain stability and are, therefore, shortening their value chains due to protectionist moves by some countries to encourage industrial reshoring, as well as the impact of the pandemic on the global economy, he said.
We will also have more confidence to fight against protectionist and unilateralist behaviors, and promote international economic circulation.
The US government's move to define China-US relations as "strategic competition," and its series of trade and investment restrictive measures, as well as protectionist practices against China, have harmed the interests of businesses and people of the two countries, said Wang.
Ignoring multilateral trade rules and conducting trade protectionist measures will not only fragment the global market system and cause disruptions in global supply chains, but also seriously distort global economic governance, said Yi Xiaozhun, former deputy director-general of the WTO.
"Accelerating market-based structural reforms — such as a further opening-up of domestic markets, reforming SOEs (State-owned enterprises), ensuring competitive neutrality between SOEs and private firms, and removing local protectionist barriers while promoting green investment — will help revitalize productive growth and boost potential growth over the medium to long term.
"Thanks to that, China's exports are expected to remain resilient, despite the economic recession facing the developed economies and the protectionist approach to trade adopted by the United States and some European countries.
Wu Dazhi, president of the Guangzhou Leather and Footwear Association, said some Chinese enterprises in the labor-intensive industry have been stepping up research and development and establishing overseas factories amid protectionist trade measures by the US and some European countries as well as increased labor costs in China.
Wu Dazhi, president of the Guangzhou Leather & Footwear Association, said some Chinese enterprises in the labor-intensive industry have been stepping up research and development and establishing overseas factories, amid protectionist trade measures by the US and some European countries and increasing labor costs in China.
"Besides, with some European countries and the United States adopting protectionist measures of late, Chinese firms need to restructure their supply chains and enhance their production layout, to stay competitive and irreplaceable so as to secure more orders and profits.
此外，鉴于最近一些欧洲国家和美国采取了保护主义措施，中国公司需要重组其供应链并提升生产布局，以保持竞争力和不可替代性，从而确保获取更多订单和利润。
He also said some countries' protectionist measures in trade have led some clients of Chinese exporters to transfer their orders to Southeast Asian nations.
他还表示，某些国家在贸易中采取的保护主义措施导致了中国出口商的部分客户将订单转移到了东南亚国家。
But protectionist measures are just one aspect of the myriad troubles currently buffeting Chinese trade enterprises.
但是，保护主义措施只是当前困扰中国贸易企业诸多问题中的一个方面。
The cloud of deglobalization looms largeThe United States, the champion of globalization over the past four decades, has shown prominent isolationist and protectionist characteristics in recent years in its foreign political and economic policies.
Shu said the US, as a member of the World Trade Organization, should ensure its trade policies and practices are in line with WTO rules, rather than unilaterally framing a new set of protectionist trade policies.
She reiterated that China hopes the US will avoid taking protectionist trade measures, maintain the stability of the global photovoltaic industry and supply chains, as well as promote cooperation in addressing climate change.
In response to a recent announcement by the United States on imminent investigation into a claim that Chinese solar panel manufacturers moved their manufacturing operations to Southeast Asia as a way of circumventing tariffs, Shu urged the US side to avoid taking trade protectionist measures.
China hopes the US will stop taking protectionist measures and maintain the stability of the global photovoltaic industrial chain, Ministry of Commerce spokesperson Shu Jueting said at a news briefing on Thursday.
He said priorities for BRICS economies in the coming years will be stimulating strong economic growth, confronting macroeconomic shocks and financial volatility, supporting the multilateral trading system, and resisting emerging global uncertainty caused by factors like the rise of unilateralism and protectionist measures that run counter to the rules of the WTO.
Zhang Yongjun, a researcher at the China Center for International Economic Exchanges in Beijing, said the security review rules are not a protectionist move or refusal to further open up.
With the rise in protectionist sentiment in many global economies over the past few years, Herizal Hazri, chief executive of the Institute of Strategic and International Studies of Malaysia, said this landmark trade agreement is a strong signal that countries in the Asia-Pacific are committed to greater economic integration and collaboration.
"Unlike some countries, we don't abuse the concept of national security and adopt protectionist and discriminatory practices against certain countries and companies," she said.
"Strengthened communication and cooperation is necessary to achieve consensus, especially as the WTO's authority and efficacy are facing severe challenges from rising unilateralist and protectionist practices," Huo said.
It is not a protectionist move or a refusal to further open up.
He said China has a more open attitude on cooperation with the EU and has been actively promoting bilateral trade in several sectors, while the US has been taking a more unilateral and protectionist approach in its trade ties with the EU.
Despite protectionist headwinds, China's opening-up momentum has remained unabated, rolling out new measures, which included cutting its negative list for foreign investors, introducing its master plan for the construction of the Hainan free trade port and further expanding pilot free trade zones in the country.
"We oppose the unilateral and protectionist practices of destroying the existing global industrial and supply chains and promoting on purpose so-called decoupling in any name," said Gao.
An office official stressed that releasing the security review rules is not a protectionist move or refusal to further open up.
It added that the RCEP is broad, covering many economies and goods, and the deal "is a rarity in these more protectionist times.
"Countries have to be very careful not to turn protectionist, and to work closely with other countries," Gopinath said, adding that it's also important to reform the global trading system, with much work needed to modernize the multilateral-rules based World Trading Organization.
Meanwhile, the ministry also called on the European Commission, which decided to launch an anti-subsidy probe into Chinese EVs in October, to abandon its trade protectionist act, and deepen trade and investment cooperation between the automobile industries of China and Europe.
Noting that the countervailing duty investigation from Europe lacks sufficient evidence, He stressed that China is strongly opposed to the probe, and that many member states in the European Union have also questioned it, as they believe the protectionist measures will be counterproductive.
The negative impact of these discriminatory or protectionist trade policies goes beyond China's EV industry, and will only result in self-inflicted disruptions to automotive supply and higher prices in the US and EU, as well as harm local manufacturers' ability to compete, said Mei Xinyu, a researcher from the Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation.
China's Ministry of Commerce on Thursday reiterated its strong dissatisfaction over a decision by the European Commission to launch an anti-subsidy probe into Chinese electric passenger vehicles, which lacked sufficient evidence and is a typical trade protectionist act.
Not only is China strongly opposed to this probe, but it has also been questioned by many member states in the European Union who believe that protectionist measures will only be counterproductive, He said.
In response to the new round of U. S. protectionist moves, China has announced that it will raise additional tariffs on a range of US imports from June 1, and "will fight to the end".
Gold is expected to become more attractive as a safe-haven hedge this year, thanks to greater market uncertainties and the expansion of protectionist economic policies, according to a forecast from the World Gold Council.
"The timing couldn't be better," he added, referring to the current climate of uncertainty in global trade, due to the increasing protectionist tendency of the United States, the world's largest economy.
"That's one or the dangers of protectionist measures.
Called protectionist by China, the investigation has escalated tensions between China and the EU.
Setting up overseas production plants will also help battery makers to avoid possible trade hurdles in the form of allegations of protectionist policies being leveled against them by foreign governments, experts said.
"Just as what has happened to the photovoltaic industry, under such external protectionist pressure, China's EV industry will likely grow stronger and thrive with products that have higher competitiveness and are irreplaceable," Zhang added.
"There is no Brexit dividend for our industry, particularly in what is an increasingly hostile and protectionist global trading environment," an SMMT spokesperson told Xinhua on Thursday afternoon.
“英国汽车制造商和贸易商协会（SMMT）的一位发言人周四下午对新华社表示：‘对于我们的行业来说，尤其是在当前日益严峻、保护主义盛行的全球贸易环境下，并不存在所谓的脱欧红利。’”
American Axle & Manufacturing (AAM), a leading auto parts manufacturer, has announced to launch a joint venture in southern China to make driveline systems despite protectionist rhetoric out of Washington.
According to him, US protectionist intervention is one important factor that causes the slowdown in China's economic growth, but he believes that this will not pose a huge threat.
"The US labeling is an arbitrary unilateral and protectionist practice, which seriously damages international rules and will significantly impact the global economy and financial markets," the People's Bank of China said in a statement, expressing deep regret over the US Treasury's decision.
"Under the influence of factors including unilateralism, protectionist trade measures, and expectations of tariffs against China, the yuan has depreciated against the dollar today, breaking through the 7 yuan per dollar," the PBOC said in a statement on its website.
"The US labeling is an arbitrary unilateral and protectionist practice, which seriously undermines international rules and will significantly impact the global economy and financial markets," the People's Bank of China (PBOC) said in an online statement.
The US Treasury designation was seen by analysts as a new excuse for more protectionist measures.
The People's Bank of China, the central bank, released a statement on its website saying the weakening of the currency is due to such factors as unilateralist and protectionist measures of the United States as well as Washington's threat to impose additional tariffs on Chinese goods.
The People's Bank of China (PBOC) attributed the weakening of the currency beyond 7 yuan per US dollar on Monday to factors including unilateral and protectionist measures, as well as the expectation of additional tariffs on Chinese goods, according to an online statement.
It said the drop of renminbi value against the US dollar was "influenced by the unilateralism and the protectionist measures", as well as the expectation of more US tariffs on Chinese goods.
Will the US's protectionist approach lead to an economic crisis in 2020?
As a safe haven hedge, gold will become more attractive in 2019, due to greater market uncertainties and the expansion of protectionist economic policies, according to a forecast from the council.
Domestically, London is fighting to maintain its status as a leading global banking center amid the Brexit uncertainties, and internationally the UK is defending its inherent values of market openness at a time of trade frictions and protectionist pressures.
Amid prevailing protectionist sentiments, the Chinese government's sustained efforts to promote opening up have showed no signs of abating - a welcome boost for domestic securities companies at a time when the local A-share market remains largely isolated from global capital.
"Though concerns over global trade friction from US President Donald Trump's protectionist measures have been affecting market valuations and volatility, the Italian minister said: "Protectionist policies never bring benefits to economic development.
Trade concerns have kept a lid on stock gains in recent months as investors assessed the potential impact of protectionist trade policies on the global economy.
"If this process leads to a world of higher tariffs on a wide range of goods and services that are traded and those are sustained for a longer period of time, if it results in a more protectionist world, that would be bad for our economy," Powell told the House Financial Services Committee.
But there are many risks on the horizon, including a tightening of global financial conditions, a shift toward protectionist policies, and an increase in geopolitical tensions.
China will fight "at any cost" and take "comprehensive countermeasures" if the United States continues its unilateral, protectionist practices, a spokesperson with the Chinese Ministry of Commerce said Friday.
"She warned that if the United States chooses to be more protectionist, "there could be more of a dramatic sell-off going forward in the markets, in addition to the reactions we have already seen.
China's central bank governor Zhou Xiaochuan said in June that opening up helped to build a strong and competitive financial sector in China, and that protectionist behavior limiting the participation of foreign players in China would lead to laziness and weakness, causing poor competitiveness and hurting the industry's development.
Zhou said protectionism and protectionist behavior limiting the participation of foreign players in China would lead to laziness and weakness, causing poor competitiveness that would hurt the sector's development.
Such uncertainties have resulted in "confidence risks," especially after protectionist moves by some countries to close their doors to overseas trade and investment, Bao warned.
Protectionism and protectionist behavior limiting the participation of foreign players in China would lead to laziness and weakness, and will lead to weak competitiveness, hurting the industry's development.
It supports a win-win outcome for countries and regions, as opposed to the zero-sum game of protectionist policies," he said.
未经许可，严禁转发。QQ交流群：688169419