Shale formations are often rich in hydrocarbons, making them prime targets for oil and gas exploration.
石油页岩层常常富含碳氢化合物，是石油和天然气勘探的主要目标。
The discovery of
shale gas has revolutionized the energy industry in the United States.
页岩气的发现彻底改变了美国的能源行业。
Hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, is a technique used to extract
shale oil and gas from deep underground.
水力压裂是一种用于从地下深处开采页岩油气的技术。
Shale strata can be challenging to drill due to their brittle nature and potential for gas migration.
由于页岩层的脆性和气体迁移的可能性，钻探它们可能颇具挑战性。
Environmental concerns have arisen over the disposal of wastewater from
shale gas drilling operations.
对于页岩气钻探产生的废水处理，环境问题引起了关注。
Shale rock formations are typically composed of fine-grained sedimentary rocks that took millions of years to form.
石油页岩主要由细粒沉积岩构成，这些岩石形成于数百万年的时间。
The extraction of
shale oil can lead to increased greenhouse gas emissions due to the burning of natural gas during the process.
页岩油的提取可能导致温室气体排放增加，因为过程中会燃烧天然气。
Shale plays, like the Bakken in North Dakota, have transformed small towns into major economic hubs.
北达科他州的巴肯页岩区等地带动了一系列小城镇转变为重要的经济中心。
The boom in
shale oil production has had a significant impact on global crude oil prices.
页岩油产量的激增对全球原油价格产生了重大影响。
Geologists analyze
shale samples to determine the potential for hydrocarbon reserves and assess the viability of drilling projects.
地质学家分析页岩样本以确定其潜在的碳氢化合物储量，并评估钻探项目的可行性。
Sinopec's shale gas well 6-2HF at China's largest shale gas field, the Fuling shale gas field, has produced approximately 400 million cubic meters of natural gas so far, said its operator China Petroleum & Chemical Corp, China's largest oil refiner.
中国最大的炼油商中国石油化工集团公司表示，中石化在中国最大的页岩气田涪陵页岩气田的6-2HF页岩气井迄今已生产约4亿立方米天然气。
It produces 8.4 billion cubic meters of shale gas per year, said the company.
该公司表示，该公司每年生产84亿立方米页岩气。
Located in Southwest China's Chongqing municipality, the shale gas well has been providing clean energy for more than ten years, it said.
该公司表示，该页岩气井位于中国西南部的重庆市，十多年来一直在提供清洁能源。
Shale gas wells with accumulative gas production exceeding 100 million cubic meters account for 55.3 percent of the total amount in the Fuling shale gas field and produced more than 34.3 billion cubic meters of shale gas so far, it said.
报告称，累计产气量超过1亿立方米的页岩气井占涪陵页岩气田总产量的55.3%，迄今已产页岩气343多亿立方米。
The project, which uses local oil shale resources as fuel, cost more than $2.1 billion, including two 277 megawatt recirculating units and support for the oil shale mine, whose an annual output is more than 10 million metric tons.
该项目使用当地的油页岩资源作为燃料，耗资超过21亿美元，包括两台277兆瓦的再循环机组和对年产量超过1000万公吨的油页岩矿的支持。
As the world's largest oil shale mining and power joint venture, the Jordan project — which covers an area of about 3,700 hectares — was built in a vast desert area.
作为世界上最大的油页岩开采和电力合资企业，约旦项目占地约3700公顷，建在广阔的沙漠地区。
"This year, we accelerated the natural gas and oil exploitation and technological innovation in Mahu, a mega oilfield with a proven oil reserve exceeding 1 billion tons, and Jimsar, a national-level demonstration zone for continental shale oil, which strongly supported the new breakthroughs in oil and gas production in Xinjiang Oilfield," said Dai Yong, director of the exploitation division of the company.
戴勇说：“今年，我们加快了已探明石油储量超过10亿吨的大型油田马湖和国家级陆相页岩油示范区吉木萨尔的天然气和石油开采及技术创新，有力地支持了新疆油田油气生产的新突破。”，公司开发部主任。
Chinese State-owned oil and gas giant China National Offshore Oil Corp has tapped commercial flows of oil and gas from a shale exploration well in the South China Sea, the first successfully drilled shale oil well offshore.
中国国有石油和天然气巨头中国海洋石油总公司从南中国海的一口页岩探井中开采了商业油气，这是第一口成功钻探的海上页岩油井。
The country's first offshore shale oil exploration well Weiye-1, located at the southwestern trough of Beibu Gulf Basin in the South China Sea, tested daily production of 20 cubic meters of oil and 1,589 cubic meters of natural gas, said the country's top offshore oil and gas driller on Thursday in a release.
中国顶级海上油气钻探公司周四在一份新闻稿中表示，位于南海北部湾盆地西南槽的中国第一口海上页岩油探井卫一号测试了20立方米石油和1589立方米天然气的日产量。
Beibu Gulf Basin holds around 1.2 billion metric tons of prospective shale oil resources with broad prospects for future exploration, it said.
报告称，北部湾盆地拥有约12亿吨潜在页岩油资源，未来勘探前景广阔。
Shale oil is an unconventional product derived from oil shale rock fragments.
页岩油是从油页岩碎片中提取的一种非常规产品。
"With tremendous shale oil and shale gas resources, China is the second country to have achieved breakthroughs in the sector after the United States, and China should attach more importance to the exploration and exploitation of unconventional oil and gas to further reduce reliance on oil and gas imports," Luo said.
罗说：“中国拥有巨大的页岩油和页岩气资源，是继美国之后第二个在该领域取得突破的国家，中国应该更加重视非常规油气的勘探和开采，以进一步减少对石油和天然气进口的依赖。”。
"China has sufficient shale oil and shale gas resources, which are major alternative energy options after traditional oil and gas.
“中国拥有充足的页岩油和页岩气资源，是继传统油气之后的主要替代能源选择。
The country's breakthrough in offshore shale oil development is another milestone for the sector and the move will further ensure the country's energy security.
该国在海上页岩油开发方面的突破是该行业的又一个里程碑，此举将进一步确保该国的能源安全。
"Domestic oil giants, including CNOOC, China Petrochemical Corp and China National Petroleum Corp－the country's largest oil and gas producer and supplier－are all making greater efforts to tap shale deposits despite their geological challenges and higher costs, amid government calls to boost domestic energy supply security.
“包括中海油、中国石化集团公司和中国最大的油气生产商和供应商中国石油天然气集团公司在内的国内石油巨头，尽管面临地质挑战和成本上升，但都在加大开采页岩矿床的力度，政府呼吁加强国内能源供应安全。
China Petroleum and Chemical Corp－also known as Sinopec and the world's largest refiner by volume－said last year that the company has discovered an initial 458 million tons of geological shale oil reserves in Shandong province's Shengli Oilfield, one of the country's largest conventional oil and gas fields.
中国石油化工集团公司去年表示，该公司在山东省胜利油田发现了4.58亿吨页岩油地质储量，胜利油田是中国最大的常规油气田之一。
CNPC also discovered a major shale oilfield in Daqing, Heilongjiang province last year with predicted geological reserves of about 1.268 billion tons, which it said will further boost output in the country's biggest oilfield while ensuring national energy security.
中国石油天然气集团公司去年还在黑龙江省大庆市发现了一个大型页岩油田，预计地质储量约为12.68亿吨，该公司表示，这将进一步提高中国最大油田的产量，同时确保国家能源安全。
The company aims to produce more than 1 million tons of shale oil annually by 2025 from the Gulong shale oil formation in Daqing, it said.
该公司表示，到2025年，该公司的目标是每年从大庆古龙页岩油组生产超过100万吨页岩油。
By late 2021 China produced only 35,000 barrels per day of shale oil, mostly in the onshore northern Ordos Basin and northwestern Junggar Basin, according to Reuters.
据路透社报道，截至2021年末，中国页岩油日产量仅为3.5万桶，主要分布在鄂尔多斯盆地北部和准噶尔盆地西北部的陆上地区。
Xu Changgui, general manager of CNOOC's exploration department, said the breakthrough of offshore shale oil exploration represents a major technological milestone.
中海油勘探部总经理徐长贵表示，海上页岩油勘探的突破是一个重大的技术里程碑。
As the international division of CNOOC Ltd, the company's portfolio is made up of assets in more than 20 countries, including conventional oil and gas, unconventional oil sands, as well as shale oil and gas－both onshore and offshore－in Asia, Africa, the Americas, Europe and the Middle East, he said.
他说，作为中海油有限公司的国际部门，该公司的投资组合由20多个国家的资产组成，包括亚洲、非洲、美洲、欧洲和中东的常规石油和天然气、非常规油砂以及陆上和海上页岩油和天然气。
The company has made a series of new oil and gas discoveries including a shale oil discovery in Bohai Bay, the Northern Jiangsu Basin, and Sichuan Basin.
该公司已经发现了一系列新的油气发现，包括在渤海湾、苏北盆地和四川盆地发现的页岩油。
The company is also expected to further accelerate gas exploration, especially shale gas, and secure long-term LNG contracts to bolster gas supply security, she said.
她表示，预计该公司还将进一步加快天然气勘探，尤其是页岩气勘探，并获得长期液化天然气合同，以加强天然气供应安全。
Much of the expenditure last year went to oil and natural gas capacity construction in the Shunbei oil and gas field in the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, Fuling shale gas field in Southwest China's Chongqing, Weirong and Western Sichuan natural gas projects.
去年的大部分支出用于新疆维吾尔自治区顺北油气田、中国西南部重庆涪陵页岩气田、威荣和川西天然气项目的石油和天然气产能建设。
An analyst said China has been making progress in increasing domestic oil and gas production over the past few years, with significant results in terms of domestic oil and gas exploration as well as unconventional gas, including shale gas.
一位分析师表示，过去几年，中国在增加国内油气产量方面取得了进展，在国内油气勘探以及包括页岩气在内的非常规天然气方面取得了重大成果。
Its Fuling shale gas field in Chongqing has produced more than 40 billion cubic meters of gas since it entered commercial operation in 2014, a record for the nation's shale gas industry.
其位于重庆的涪陵页岩气田自2014年投入商业运营以来，已生产了超过400亿立方米的天然气，创下了全国页岩气行业的纪录。
During the first nine months, the company has also strengthened risk exploration in new regions and new sectors, which led to new discoveries in the Tarim, Sichuan, and Erdos Basins, as well as major breakthroughs in continental shale oilfields of the Bohai Bay, Sichuan and North Jiangsu Basins.
前三季度,公司还强化了新区新领域风险勘探,在塔里木、四川、鄂尔多斯等盆地获得新发现,在渤海湾、四川、江苏北部陆相页岩油等领域取得重大突破。
Significant results have been seen in terms of global oil and gas exploration as well as in unconventional gas including shale gas and coal bed methane, according to the National Energy Administration.
国家能源局表示，全球石油和天然气勘探取得显著成果，非常规天然气——包括页岩气和煤层气——也有所发现。
CNPC said it has produced 70 percent of China's natural gas output each year and it has also been accelerating the development of China's unconventional shale gas reserves.
中国国家石油公司表示,它每年生产中国70%的天然气产量,同时也在加快开发中国的非常规页岩气储备。
China National Petroleum Corp also announced the discovery of a major shale oilfield in Daqing, Heilongjiang province, on Wednesday, with predicted geological reserves of about 1.268 billion tons.
中国国家石油公司周三还宣布，在黑龙江省大庆市发现了一个大型页岩油油田，预测地质储量约为12.68亿吨。
It aims to produce more than 1 million tons of shale oil annually by 2025 from the Gulong shale oil formation in Daqing.
其目标是从大庆的古龙页岩油藏中,到2025年时实现每年逾100万吨的页岩油产量。
The company accounts for 70 percent of China's natural gas output and is accelerating the development of China's nonconventional shale gas reserves.
该公司占据了中国天然气产量的70%，并且正在加快开发中国的非常规页岩气储量。
The State-owned energy giant will continue to expand natural gas development, especially the development and utilization of unconventional gas, including shale and coal-bed gas.
这家国有能源巨头将继续扩大天然气开发，尤其是非常规天然气——包括页岩气和煤层气——的开发和利用。
According to Ling Yiqun, deputy managing director of Sinopec, the company is stepping up forays into the new energy sectors including shale gas, coal bed gas, geothermal, hydrogen and wind power, while putting more efforts developing cleaner oil products and a modern petrochemical industry, to make the company a world-leading clean energy petrochemical company.
中国石化副总经理凌逸群表示，公司正在加快进入包括页岩气、煤层气、地热、氢和风能等新能源领域，同时加大开发更清洁的石油产品和现代石化产业的力度，以使公司成为世界领先的清洁能源石化公司。
Chinese oil and gas giant Sinopec, or China Petroleum and Chemical Corp, announced on Tuesday its Fuling shale gas field has produced more than 1.78 billion cubic meters of shale gas during the first quarter of the year, up almost 20 percent compared with the same period last year.
中国石油和天然气巨头中国石化（Sinopec，全称“中国石油化工股份有限公司”）周二宣布，其涪陵页岩气田在今年第一季度生产了超过17.8亿立方米的页岩气，比去年同期增长近20%。
The shale gas field has stepped up construction this year, with 28 new wells put into operation so far.
今年，这个页岩气田加快了建设步伐，已经投产了28口新井。
Located in Chongqing, the Fuling shale gas field was put into commercial operation in 2014, making China the first country to achieve shale gas commercial operation outside North America.
位于重庆的涪陵页岩气田于2014年投入商业运营，使中国成为北美以外第一个实现页岩气商业运营的国家。
China Petrochemical Corp, or Sinopec, expects to spend 66.8 billion yuan ($10.18 billion) on upstream exploration focusing on shale gas development and construction of liquefied natural gas terminals in coastal areas, up from 56.4 billion yuan last year.
中国石油化工股份有限公司(简称：中石化)计划今年在上游勘探方面支出668亿元人民币(合101.8亿美元)，较去年的564亿元人民币有所增加，侧重于页岩气开发和沿海液化天然气(LNG)终端建设。
It will spend 66.8 billion yuan on upstream exploration focusing on shale gas development in southwest China and construction of liquefied natural gas terminals in coastal areas, up from 56.4 billion yuan last year, as China’s demand for refined oil products is expected to recover strongly and demand for natural gas and petrochemical products will also continue to grow, the company said in a statement filed with the Shanghai Stocks Exchange on Sunday.
该公司周日在上海证券交易所发布的声明中表示，今年将斥资668亿元人民币(合105亿美元)，重点开发中国西南部的页岩气，并建设沿海液化天然气终端。这一支出高于去年的564亿元人民币，因为预计中国对炼制石油产品的需求将强劲复苏，而对天然气和石化产品的需求也将继续增长。
Its proven geological reserves of shale gas have accumulated to about 940.8 billion cu m. In April, it started constructing the country's first deep-seated shale gas field in Southwest China's Sichuan province, which is expected to have annual production capacity of 3 billion cu m once fully completed.
已探明地质储量累计约9408亿立方米。4月，中国在四川开工建设首个深层页岩气田，预计全面建成后年产能将达到30亿立方米。
In October, Sinopec announced there was about 192 billion cu m of certified new reserves at its Fuling shale gas field, with daily output above 20 million cu m.
今年10月，中石化宣布其涪陵页岩气田认证的新储量约为1,920亿立方米，日产气量超过2,000万立方米。
Natural gas capacity at CNPC's Tarim Oilfield and Southwest oil and gas field will exceed 30 billion cubic meters, while shale gas production will surpass 11 billion cubic meters, it said.
To ensure adequate gas supply for the biggest gas-consuming nation worldwide, PetroChina, as CNPC is known sometimes, has been diversifying its channels to import more gas from abroad, including conventional gas, shale gas, tight gas and coal bed gas.
To ensure adequate gas supply in domestic market, CNPC has been diversifying its channels to import more gas from abroad, including conventional gas, shale gas, tight gas and coal bed gas.
To ensure adequate gas supply for the biggest gas-consuming nation worldwide, PetroChina has been diversifying its channels to import more gas from abroad, including conventional gas, shale gas, tight gas and coal bed gas.
The company said shale gas production in Sichuan reached 4.27 billion cubic meters in 2018, up 40 percent compared with the previous year and helped ensure national energy security.
The daily output of PetroChina's shale gas in southern Sichuan reached 20.11 million cubic meters, with a year-on-year increase of 119.3 percent, it said.
Li Li, energy research director at ICIS China, a think tank focusing on energy trends, said it has become a trend for national oil majors to increase their share of clean energy in the domestic primary energy production to optimize the country's energy structure, including China Petroleum and Chemical Corp, which earlier pledged to increase its share of clean energy production capacity by increasing its output of natural gas, shale gas and related facilities.
It is also planning to ramp up shale oil exploration efforts at the Bohai Bay Basin, Songliao Basin, Ordos Basin and Junggar Basin.
Eyeing to produce 50,000 metric tons of shale oil from the Bohai Bay Basin by the end of this year and to achieve production of 500,000 tons of shale oil by 2025 to further develop the clean fuel and ensure national energy security, the company has recently reported steady daily production of shale oil of 20-30 cubic meters from its Dagang Oilfield, a sign of the industrial development of continental shale oil in the Bohai Bay Basin.
"The exploration of shale oil will help ease the high dependence on foreign oil and gas imports," said Li Li, research director at energy consulting company ICIS.
Most of the investment will be in oil and gas capacity construction including the Shengli oilfield in Shandong province, China's second-largest oilfield complex, and Fuling shale gas field in Chongqing, as well as construction of domestic gas pipelines and storage and overseas oil and gas projects.
Energy supplier will ramp up efforts to develop clean fuel and reduce importsChina National Petroleum Corporation, the country's largest oil and gas producer and supplier, reported steady daily production of shale oil of 20-30 cubic meters in its Dagang Oilfield, a sign of the industrial development of continental shale oil in the Bohai Bay Basin, it said.
CNPC aims to produce 50,000 metric tons of shale oil from the Bohai Bay Basin by the end of 2019 and to achieve production of 500,000 tons of shale oil by 2025 to further develop the clean fuel and ensure national energy security.
According to a forecast by the International Energy Agency, China sees abundant shale oil resources with recoverable resources reaching 4.5 billion tons and ranks third worldwide only after Russia and the United States.
CNPC vows to ramp up its efforts in the exploration of shale oil and prioritize shale oil-related exploration at the Bohai Bay Basin, Songliao Basin, Ordos Basin and Junggar Basin to further ensure national energy security and reduce reliance on oil import.
Li Li, research director at energy consulting company ICIS, said the exploration of shale oil will help ease the country's high foreign dependence ratio for oil and gas, which has reached 69.8 percent and 45.3 percent respectively, and is expected to continue rising in 2019, according to the CNPC Economics and Technology Research Institute.
Morgan Stanley said earlier as shale drilling could finally have a true commercial potential in China, the potential for more drilling would likely increase capital expenditure for shale this year and benefit onshore oilfield service companies.
Morgan Stanley expects Chinese shale oil production could be 100,000-200,000 barrels per day by 2025.
It has also pledged to increase its share of clean energy production to more than 50 percent within six years, by upping its output of natural gas, shale gas and related facilities.
For instance in shale gas exploration, data analytics technologies could help developers to identify the best deposits and extract the maximum volume from them, which would help China increase output from its vast gas-rich shale deposits, according to Leveille.
例如，在页岩气勘探领域，数据分析技术可以帮助开发者识别出最佳的矿藏并从中提取最大量的气体，这将有助于中国增加其丰富页岩气藏的产量。此观点出自Leveille所述。
China Petroleum& Chemical Corp has pledged to increase its share of clean energy production capacity to more than 50 percent within six years, through increasing its output of natural gas, shale gas and related facilities.
According to Lyu, in order to achieve the target, the company will further enhance its output of natural gas, shale gas and coal bed gas, while stepping up efforts to construct natural gas net works, LNG receiving stations and terminals, and gas storage facilities.
The Changning-Weiyuan national shale gas demonstration zone developed by PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gas Field Company generated more than 2.4 billion cubic meters of shale gas in 2017, the company said Wednesday.
By 2017, the state-level demonstration zone had 163 shale gas wells in production, generating 8 million cubic meters of shale gas each day.
The shale gas-rich Sichuan Basin in Southwest China produced about one-third of the country's total shale gas in 2017.
It is estimated that 3 billion cubic meters of shale gas is equivalent to burning 6 million tons of coal, reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 4.2 million tons.
China has made breakthroughs in shale gas exploration both in capacity and drilling techniques, making it one of the top shale gas suppliers in the world.
By 2020, proven reserves of shale gas will surpass 1.5 trillion cubic meters, according to plans released by authorities in 2017.
"While China is the world's largest oil and gas importer, the United States is expected to become one of the top oil and gas exporters with its increasing exploration of shale oil and shale gas, he said.
The trio is mulling building a pipeline to move shale oil from the Permian basin in Texas to the US Gulf Coast for export, the people said.
"A notable opportunity within energy for Caterpillar, China continues to build out its natural gas infrastructure with the country's announced intentions to develop shale resources," he said.
Sinochem has also invested in shale oil and gas in the US in recent years to acquire more mature experience, as well as seeking opportunities to acquire quality manufacturers and cooperate with energy companies in Europe and South America over the past three years.
A worker checks facilities at a shale gas field in Fuling, Chongqing.
The company, also known as Sinopec, said its Fuling shale gas field, China's first shale gas commercial production program launched in 2014, will reach an annual output of up to 10 billion cu m by the end of this year.
Proven geological reserves of shale gas at Fuling have exceeded 600 billion cu m, after the discovery of more than 220 billion cu m in additional deposits this month.
Analysts said Sinopec's efforts are in accordance with China's ambitious goal to wean itself off coal, betting big on a shale gas boom to decrease its dependency on coal and foreign gas imports.
Wang Lu, an Asia-Pacific oil and gas analyst at Bloomberg Intelligence, said China's aggressive shale gas development target may boost the share of gas in its energy mix.
"Its shale gas production may contribute about 4 to 5 percent of China's total gas consumption by 2020, and Sinopec can also strengthen its upstream unit, which is weaker than its domestic competitors PetroChina and CNOOC, by developing shale gas.
Wang said China's shale gas resources could be as much as 21.8 trillion cu m, but technological and geological challenges may slow the development of the unconventional gas.
In addition, lowered shale-gas subsidies may also discourage developers, while ample supply from domestic conventional gas, LNG, pipeline imports, and cheap oil might also impede shale gas development, she said.
Li Li, energy research director at ICIS China, a consulting company that provides analysis of China's energy market, said the technological challenge is one of the most significant factors dampening China's shale gas exploration.
Li said despite being the third country that has successfully commercialized shale gas and the sector might become a growing factor, China is currently far inferior to the US in shale gas commercialization mostly due to technological challenges.
Chances are low that China becomes the next shale gas superpower in the near future, and the cooling of the enthusiasm that foreign companies had for Chinese shale gas might also hamper the development, as expertise to access the immense shale deposits is also necessary, she said.
Foreign investors have been pulling back from Chinese shale gas exploration in recent years, including ConocoPhillips of the US, which has quit shale gas exploration in China after abandoning a second block in the Sichuan basin earlier this year, considering the block did not meet its benchmark for commercial development.
However, considering the natural gas price is likely to witness a surge in the future and given Sinopec's dedication to increase shale gas output and reduce costs, the future is promising, she added.
According to the oil and gas reserve assessment office under the Ministry of Land and Resources, against the backdrop of low oil prices, China has come up with the core technologies for the exploration and development of the shale gas, while achieving the localization of key equipment.
China has also set more than 100 technical standards and substantially reduced the cost of shale gas exploration in Fuling.
According to Sinopec, after years of development, most of the key equipment for shale gas exploration has been domestically manufactured, including the drilling wells, and the testing, extraction and transportation facilities.
Since the shale or fracking (the process of extracting nat gas) boom in the US started a decade ago, energy companies have been building export facilities, with as much as 169.8 million cubic meters per day of capacity due by the end of 2018, Reuters reported.
While crude oil prices might reach $100 a barrel this year, the uptrend is expected to gradually ease in the long term with capacity recovery, continuous development of new energy and the recovery of US shale oil production, analysts said on Tuesday.
There has been a shortage of oil after the rapid recovery in demand, as much of the world's capacity was shut down and investment in the industry reduced due to the pandemic, and US shale oil was also withdrawn from the market, he said.
- The Fuling shale gas field in Southwest China's Chongqing municipality has added some 104.8 billion cubic meters in proven reserves of shale gas, said its developer Sinopec, China's largest oil refiner.
The latest discovery brings total proven reserves of the gas field so far to nearly 900 billion cubic meters, which accounts for 34 percent of the country's proven reserves of shale gas.
The Fuling gas field, discovered in 2012, currently produces over 20 million cubic meters of shale gas per day.
He added that what is happening in the oil market is endemic of a supply glut that has "decimated most of the producers, including 50 percent of the shale players here in the United States, and it's also annihilated a lot of the investment that lost a ton of money during those six years in those same producers".
Against globally depressed oil prices, the oilfield has been developing alternative energy sources, such as tight gas and shale oil, pushing up its annual output, China National Petroleum said.
Production of unconventional natural gas, including tight gas, shale gas, coal-bed methane, and natural gas hydrates, exceeded 96 billion cubic meters last year, constituting 43 percent of the total natural gas output and emerging as a significant growth driver in the increase and storage of natural gas, NEA said.
China's largest shale gas field has produced over 60 billion cubic meters of shale gas over the past decade since it was discovered in 2012, according to the field's developer China Petroleum & Chemical Corp, China's largest oil refiner.
As China's first large-scale shale gas field to enter commercial development in 2014, the Fuling shale gas field, located in Southwest China's Chongqing municipality, has brought green and clean energy to more than 70 cities along the Yangtze River Economic Belt over the years, said the company, also known as Sinopec.