The city has been trying to clear out the
shantytown near the airport for months.
城市几个月来一直试图清理机场附近的贫民窟。
She grew up in a
shantytown on the outskirts of Rio de Janeiro.
她在里约热内卢郊区的一个棚户区长大。
They built a school in the heart of the
shantytown, providing education to underprivileged children.
他们在贫民窟中心建了一所学校，为贫困儿童提供教育。
Many residents of the
shantytown fear eviction as the government plans to redevelop the area.
贫民窟的许多居民担心政府计划重新开发该地区时会将他们驱逐出去。
He paints vivid scenes from life in the
shantytown in his artwork.
他的艺术作品中描绘了贫民窟生活的生动场景。
The charity organization distributed food and blankets among the inhabitants of the
shantytown.
慈善组织向贫民窟居民分发食物和毯子。
The
shantytown was destroyed by a powerful earthquake, leaving thousands homeless.
强烈的地震摧毁了这个贫民窟，使数千人无家可归。
The local government is working with NGOs to provide healthcare services to the
shantytown's population.
当地政府正在与非政府组织合作，为贫民窟居民提供医疗服务。
A fire broke out in the slum, quickly spreading through the flimsy structures of the
shantytown.
火灾在贫民窟爆发，迅速蔓延到棚屋的脆弱建筑中。
She started a community garden in the
shantytown, teaching residents how to grow their own vegetables.
她在贫民窟建立了一个社区花园，教居民如何种植自己的蔬菜。
The two banks will explore a cooperative mechanism to serve China's major infrastructure projects, shantytown renovations, overseas business and key projects to improve people's lives.
The narrowing decline is based on a forecast that the People's Bank of China, or PBOC, the central bank, may use pledged supplementary lending (PSL) and other policy tools to provide about 1 trillion yuan ($139.8 billion) in funding support for affordable housing and shantytown redevelopment projects, Zhu said.
It is sensible for China's monetary policymakers to consider providing targeted funding for affordable housing and shantytown renovation projects, amid a pressing need to boost domestic demand and address property sector risks, experts said.
This mode, which was used in shantytown renovation from 2015 to 2018, has been criticized for inflating asset price bubbles, Tang said.
Experts say PSL may offer funding for shantytown, housing projectsPledged supplementary lending or PSL is likely to be used in China to extend funding to affordable housing and shantytown redevelopment projects as the country's policymakers ramp up support for the economy and seek to stabilize the troubled real estate market, experts said.
Experts said Pan's remarks signal that PSL will likely be used soon to support affordable housing and shantytown redevelopment projects.
Created in 2014, PSL was initially used to finance shantytown redevelopment, with policy banks pledging bond and credit assets with the PBOC for long-term funding.
Additionally, at the construction site of a shantytown renovation project in Shanghai, CR24 employees are readying materials for the upcoming construction of residential building frameworks.
Market-oriented housing demand in cities and towns over the past decade stood at about 121 million households, of which 25 million have demand for new houses due to shantytown renovation or demolition, some 31 million households seek better homes, and 65 million households are planning to move to big cities amid the ongoing urbanization drive.
"During the period, as much as 14.8 trillion yuan was invested in the construction of various government-subsidized homes as well as resettlement projects related to shantytown renovation, which helped 140 million people to improve their living conditions, Jiang said.
But the living conditions were still much better than in the small home they shared with her aunt in a shantytown in Shanghai's Changning district before she was 5.
但比起她五岁前与姑姑合住在长宁区一处棚户区的小屋中，这里的居住条件还是要好得多。
The Securities Daily reported that Shanxi province is on its way to allocating 100,000 units of rental housing and renovating 8,526 units of homes as part of a shantytown transformation program.
《证券日报》报道，山西省正在分配10万套租赁住房，并改造8526套棚户区住房。
In a shantytown in Changning district of Shanghai, Li was raised in a cubbyhole of a home that sheltered not just herself and her parents but her aunt.
The funds helped the renovation of 6.26 million shantytown units in urban areas and 1.9 million dilapidated houses in rural areas, and supported the construction of the matching facilities for 300,000 public rental housing, the ministry said.
The ministry vowed to strengthen supervision and management of the funds for government-subsidized housing in 2019, and standardize the financing for shantytown renovation projects.
"The decisive factor is the government's decision on the shantytown redevelopment policy," he added, pointing out that this was expected during this year's session of the National People's Congress in March.
The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development rejected a report on Thursday that said monetary compensation for shantytown renovation led to rising property prices.
Now some cities don't have enough inventory and need supportive policies, so targeted policies should be carried out for each city to promote shantytown renovation and a healthy development for the real estate market, Ni said.
The briefing came after a State Council executive meeting presided over by Premier Li Keqiang on Monday, which decided to boost shantytown renovation across the country and complete this year's target.
The Government Work Report, delivered by Li in March, set this year's target to start construction of 5.8 million apartments for shantytown renovation.
Shantytown renovation has played a vital role in improving living conditions for the disadvantaged population and expanding demand, Ni said.
Zhu Haibin, chief China economist at JPMorgan, said the PBOC may use PSL and other policy tools to provide about 1 trillion yuan in funding to support affordable housing and shantytown redevelopment projects.
Created in 2014, the PSL was initially used to finance shantytown renovation, with development and policy banks pledging bond and credit assets with the PBOC for long-term funding.
PSL, as the central bank's targeted supplementary funding channel, significantly increased its volume to support shantytown renovation loan issuances.
The ADBC supports areas related to agriculture, rural areas and farmers, including rural infrastructure, shantytown renovation and poverty alleviation.
From traditional infrastructure and shantytown renovation to "new infrastructure", policy-backed financial institutions expect to achieve a smooth transition of the real economy while supporting economic transformation.
Between 2014 and 2018, large-scale shantytown renovation was promoted across the country, and related loans expanded significantly from scratch, accounting for 26 percent of total loans.
In fact, since last year, some policy banks have been successively issuing their loans to governmental-subsidized rental housing, shantytown renovation and other areas.
During the period from 2014 to 2018, to support the large-scale shantytown renovation, single-year new shantytown reconstruction loans once exceeded 1 trillion yuan.
With the gradual scaling down of shantytown rebuilding targets, related new financing has also declined significantly.
When the large-scale shantytown reconstruction is complete, new loans in related areas may be reduced.
Limited by project leverage and shantytown reconstruction's future space, policy financial institutions' influence on infrastructure investment and real estate remain uncertain.
Since the last round of large-scale shantytown reconstruction, overall demand for shantytown reconstruction nationwide has been significantly digested, and a few provinces' increased input for shantytown renovation may help keep local real estate markets stable.
From traditional infrastructure and shantytown reconstruction to "new infrastructure", such institutions expect to achieve a smooth transition of the real economy while supporting economic transformation.
Limited by project leverage and shantytown reconstruction's future development potential, institutional influence on infrastructure investment and real estate remains uncertain.
Because early allocations of special bonds are not allowed to be used for property-related projects like land reserves and shantytown renovation, we expect infrastructure investment growth to pick up at the beginning of this year," it said.
Among new local government bonds issued in May at a total value of 165.66 billion yuan, 16.2 billion yuan will be used for transportation, 26.94 billion yuan for municipal construction, 20.11 billion yuan for land reserves, 67.61 billion yuan for low-rent, affordable and public rental housing, as well as shantytown renovation, and the rest will be used for science, education, healthcare, social security, environmental protection and poverty alleviation, according to the Ministry of Finance.
While the first batch was special purpose bonds aimed to support land reserves and shantytown renovation, the second batch targeted more diversified projects including toll roads and sewage treatment.
"About 60 percent of the bonds were issued for ongoing construction, especially for shantytown renovation projects, railways and roads," said Hao Lei, head of the ministry's Budget Department.
He also said that the issuance of local governments' special purpose bonds for shantytown renovation will increase this year.
Proceeds from the sales will be used for land purchases (300 million yuan) and shantytown renovations (1.1 billion yuan), according to a notice on the website of China Central Depository and Clearing, a clearinghouse under the central bank.
In the meantime, 2.15 trillion yuan of special purpose bonds will be issued to support large infrastructure projects, such as shantytown renovation projects and railways, said the ministry.
Two new bonds were separately issued Monday by the Ningbo city government and Zhejiang provincial government, including a three-year land reserve bond with an interest rate of 3.04 percent and a five-year special bond for shantytown renovation with an interest rate of 3.32 percent.
Liu specifically outlined three key areas: the battle against poverty and pollution; major development work such as the Xiongan New Area, and other projects, such as shantytown renovation and the construction of transport infrastructure.
The collected funds should be used as soon as possible for earlier-prepared projects including infrastructure construction, pollution prevention and shantytown renovation.
The special-purpose bond, which usually raises funds for targeted infrastructure projects such as railways, roads and shantytown renovation, is seen as the legal financing channel for local Chinese governments.
The funds have mainly gone to shantytown renovation, construction of indemnificatory housing, transportation and warehousing, post industry, manufacturing, water conservancy, the environment and public utilities, according to data from the China Banking Association (CBA), a non-profit industry organization.
Analysts see their issuance as key means of fueling investment and boosting growthBond issuances by local governments in China, with the specific remit of supporting shantytown renovation, is likely to accelerate in the coming months as a financial facility to fuel infrastructure investment and support economic growth, said analysts.
In terms of fiscal policy, "the central government's subsidies (for the shantytown renovation program) will not be reduced, and these will be accompanied by an increase in shantytown renovation-related special local government bond issuance," said an expert close to the Ministry of Finance.
Local governments' shantytown renovation targets for 2019 should remain within a reasonable level matching fiscal expenditure, he said.
China's shantytown renovation program stepped up a gear in the past three years.
Local governments started to issue special-purpose bonds for shantytown renovation in June.
The recent policy signal is important, as "shantytown redevelopment is a key element of domestic demand", said Song.
By the end of September, around 92 percent of the annual renovation target had been accomplished, revamping 5.34 million shantytown homes, according to official data.
A statement issued after the latest State Council executive meeting stressed that any irregular borrowing by local governments, under the name of shantytown renovation, should be prohibited.
It also called for removing favorable policies in the cash-settlement shantytown renovation program for cities with low housing inventory and high upside pressures on housing prices.
An index of major real estate developers dropped 2.56 percent on Monday, in response to expectations of potential changes to shantytown renovation policies.
China is tightening approvals for shantytown renovation projects in a bid to fend off local government financial risks and avoid a housing bubble, sources familiar with the matter said.
China Development Bank, one of major policy banks in charge of shantytown development projects in China, is expected to tighten approvals for funding of shantytown renovation projects, but no restrictions have been imposed on ongoing projects, said a source with the bank, who asked not to be identified.
Another source in charge of shantytown projects in the northwestern Shanxi province confirmed that current projects have been implemented "as scheduled" and they are yet to receive any notice to halt the projects.
"A complete halt for future funding approval is not likely because shantytown renovation is one of the key projects that the central authorities consider to be important," the source working on projects in Shanxi province said.
"Local governments face "relative high pressure" as they continue to promote shantytown projects while trying to repay debts and curb the incremental debts amid efforts to fend off financial risks, according to a report released by the Ministry of Finance in May.
China Development Bank said in a response on Monday that shantytown projects have been implemented in a normal manner, and the bank has provided 436.9 billion yuan ($66.48 billion) worth of policy loans by the end of May, without elaborating on further details.
China plans to revamp 5.8 million shantytown homes this year, according to the annual government work report.
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