"The claim is based on speculation that any mobile device with a Chinese app can be used to spy on Americans," Hufbauer said.

Despite a flurry of delegates dashing in golf carts between parked jetliners, missiles and spy planes, this year's gathering appeared relatively subdued, with a profit warning from Lufthansa adding to trade tensions and slowing economies.

Four Democratic senators have reportedly expressed concern that video surveillance cameras and the automated aspects of railway cars may be the tools of spies or hackers.

Chinese director Zhang Yimou's first spy film "Cliff Walkers" saw its cumulative revenue hit 1 billion yuan ($155 million) on Thursday, becoming the sixth film this year to achieve the milestone at China's box office.

"Cliff Walkers," the first foray of renowned Chinese director Zhang Yimou into the spy genre, comes in second with more than 18 million yuan.

James Bond famously drove a Lotus Esprit in 1977's The Spy Who Loved Me, and Lotus once boasted a Formula One team until it was sold to Renault in 2015.

The lawyers for Meng Wanzhou, CFO of Chinese telecom giant Huawei, on Monday demanded the release of redacted documents prepared by the Canadian spy agency relating to her December 2018 arrest.

Arguably, its biggest challenge in its history of 30 years has been the hostile treatment at the hands of the United States, where it faced lawsuits, trade restrictions, accusations of being a spy and attempts to ban the use of its equipment in 5G network roll-out.

National security agencies have uncovered hundreds of cases of espionage and theft of secrets by Taiwan in recent years and have arrested a group of spies and operatives from the island, according to an article published on an official WeChat account of the Ministry of State Security on Wednesday.

China's national security agency recently uncovered a case of suspected espionage involving the United States' CIA, which persuaded a cadre who was studying abroad to join one of the nation's ministries and act as a spy.

Hao agreed with Li's requests and signed an agreement with the US to act as a spy.

China's national security agency recently uncovered a case of espionage involving the United States' CIA, which persuaded a cadre who was studying abroad to join one of the nation's ministries and act as a spy.

After completing the study in Italy, Zeng returned to China and secretly met with CIA personnel multiple times, providing a significant amount of sensitive intelligence and receiving spy funds.

China's current Anti-Espionage Law took effect on July 1 after being amended, but some Western media outlets have recently expressed so-called concerns over the law, sensationalized its impact on the investment and business environment, and some even maliciously misinterpreted it as "encouraging citizens to spy on each other".

China's current Anti-Espionage Law took effect on July 1 after being amended, but some Western media outlets have recently expressed so-called "concerns" over the law, sensationalized its impact on investment and business environment, and some even maliciously misinterpreted it as "encouraging citizens to spy on each other".

"The current situation of struggling against espionage is grave, as traditional and non-traditional security threats are intertwined, and various types of spies and intelligence activities are more complicated," said Wang, who is head of the commission's criminal department.

While establishing a coordination work mechanism for counter-espionage at a national level, the revised law clarified that those who carry out cyberattacks on State organs or secret-related departments should be identified as spies.

It also stipulates that espionage organizations and their agencies that instigate or fund others to attack, invade, interfere in, control or destroy critical infrastructure are considered spies.

Organizations or agencies that attack, invade, interfere in, control or destroy critical information infrastructure of the State organs or secret-related departments are expected to be identified as spies, a legislator said while introducing a draft amendment on Friday.

""The current situation against espionage is extremely grave, as traditional and non-traditional security threats are intertwined, and various types of spies and intelligence activities are more complicated," he explained.

When the draft was given second deliberation at the end of last year, it had clarified that those found to be providing cybersecurity loopholes or other involving important information infrastructure to espionage organizations should be identified as spies.

Those found to be providing cybersecurity loopholes or other information involving critical information infrastructure to espionage organizations will be identified as spies, according to a draft amendment.

Given that espionage is also harmful to society, the draft amendment states that those found providing spies with help, be this in the form of information, funds, supplies, labor, technology or locations, will first be warned or given administrative detention of up to 15 days by State security departments.