n.基底，底物，底层，基层

The substrate is the surface on which a crystal grows during solidification.
基质是在结晶过程中晶体生长的基础表面。
In chemistry, a catalyst works by providing a solid substrate for chemical reactions to occur.
在化学中，催化剂通过提供固体基质来促进化学反应的发生。
The biologist studied the microorganisms that formed a biofilm on the substrate of a water filter.
生物学家研究了在水过滤器基质上形成生物膜的微生物。
The electronic circuit was designed to interface with a specific substrate material for optimal performance.
电子电路设计旨在与特定的基板材料接口，以实现最佳性能。
The substrate layer in a printed circuit board (PCB) provides a conductive foundation for the electronic components.
打印电路板（PCB）中的基板层为电子元件提供导电基础。
The artist carefully prepared the canvas as a substrate for her oil painting.
艺术家仔细地准备画布作为油画的基底。
In biology, the extracellular matrix serves as a substrate for cell migration and growth.
在生物学中，细胞外基质是细胞迁移和增殖的基质。
The researcher etched the substrate to create precise patterns for the microchip fabrication process.
研究人员蚀刻基板以创建微芯片制造过程中的精确图案。
The soil acts as a crucial substrate for plant roots to anchor themselves and absorb nutrients.
土壤是植物根系扎根并吸收营养的关键基质。
The polymer substrate was treated with a special chemical to enhance its adhesion properties.
这种聚合物基板经过特殊化学处理以提高其粘附性。