n.天花接种

The practice of variolation was discontinued with the introduction of the smallpox vaccine.
随着天花疫苗的引入，人痘接种的做法被终止了。
Variolation involved intentionally infecting people with material from smallpox pustules to induce immunity.
人痘接种涉及故意用天花脓疱中的物质感染人们，以诱导免疫力。
In the 18th century, variolation was seen as a risky but life-saving procedure.
在18世纪，人痘接种被视为有风险但能救命的程序。
Before Jenner's discovery, variolation was the only known method to protect against smallpox.
在詹纳的发现之前，人痘接种是唯一已知的预防天花的方法。
The success rate of variolation was higher than simply exposing people to the disease.
人痘接种的成功率高于直接暴露于疾病之下。
Some historians argue that variolation may have contributed to the spread of smallpox in new populations.
一些历史学家认为，人痘接种可能促进了天花在新人群中的传播。
Variolation was a precursor to vaccination, developed centuries before the concept of immunization was fully understood.
人痘接种是疫苗接种的前身，在免疫概念完全被理解之前数百年就已经发展起来。
In China and Turkey, variolation techniques were practiced long before they were introduced to Europe.
在中国和土耳其，人痘接种技术在传入欧洲之前就已经实行很久了。
The knowledge of variolation was shared through international trade routes, leading to its adoption in different parts of the world.
通过国际贸易路线分享了人痘接种的知识，导致这一做法在世界不同地区被采纳。
Despite its risks, variolation significantly reduced the mortality rate from smallpox compared to natural infection.
尽管存在风险，与自然感染相比，人痘接种显著降低了天花的死亡率。