四级After such an experience an animal often remains passive even when it can effect change—a state they called learned helplessness.

在经历了这样的经历之后，动物往往保持被动，即使它能够影响改变——一种他们称之为习得性无助的状态。

四级He could not watch television except for two programs aweek, could not play with his friends after school until he finished his homework, and had to read two books a week and write book reports about them.

除了两个节目外，他不能看电视，放学后直到完成家庭作业后才能和朋友们一起玩，每周必须读两本书，并写有关这些书的读书报告。

六级After the failure of Lehman Brothers, many of the world’s largest banks feared the worst as the collapse of the housing bubble exposed investments in risky loans.

雷曼兄弟（Lehman Brothers）破产后，世界上许多最大的银行都担心房地产泡沫的破裂会暴露风险贷款投资的风险。

高考After reading some history books on how the first group of Chinese immigrants survived in America of the 19th century, she has become keen on her own family history and that of others.

在阅读了一些关于19世纪第一批中国移民如何在美国生存的历史书籍后，她开始热衷于自己和他人的家族史。

六级After being dogged by technical delays for years, sir Richard Branson, virgin Galactic's founder, had recently suggested that a Spaceship Two craft would carry its first paying customers as soon as February 2015.

维珍银河公司的创始人理查德·布兰森爵士（sir Richard Branson）最近建议，最早在2015年2月，一艘两艘宇宙飞船将搭载其第一批付费客户。

高考After sharing the story online, I heard from someone, who identified the lady as Erin Smith.

在网上分享了这个故事后，我收到了一位女士的来信，这位女士名叫艾琳·史密斯。

四级After Hurricane Katrina hit in 2005, mail facilities were set up in dozens of locations across the country in the two weeks that USPS was unable to provide street delivery.

2005年卡特里娜飓风袭击后，在美国邮政无法提供街道递送的两周内，全国数十个地方都建立了邮件设施。

考研After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn't it?

毕竟，如果你认识的每个人都会在秋天上大学，那么在学校呆一年似乎很愚蠢，不是吗？

四级You may have heard some of the fashion industry horror stories: models eating tissues or cotton balls to hold off hunger, and models collapsing from hunger-induced heart attacks just seconds after they step off the runway.

你可能听过一些时装业的恐怖故事：模特们吃纸巾或棉球来抵挡饥饿，模特们刚走下跑道几秒钟就因饥饿引发的心脏病发作而倒下。

高考Mr.Stone is free this afternoon after 3:00.

斯通先生今天下午三点以后有空。

考研In a recent study involving over 400 healthy adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs on the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold aft

在最近一项涉及400多名健康成年人的研究中，来自宾夕法尼亚州卡内基梅隆大学的研究人员考察了感知到的社会支持和接受拥抱对参与者患普通感冒易感性的影响

四级Officials of the Tunisian government are especially worried after dozens of tourists were killed in the attack in Tunisia last year.

突尼斯政府官员尤其担心去年在突尼斯发生的袭击中有数十名游客丧生。

六级In an 1801 drawing from his book, General Zoology Amphibia, George Shaw, an English botanist and zoologist, credited Merian for describing a frog in the account of her South American expedition, and named the young tree frog after her in his portrayal of

1801年，英国植物学家兼动物学家乔治·肖（George Shaw）在其著作《两栖动物学概论》中的一幅绘画中，称赞美利安在描述其南美探险时描述了一只青蛙，并在其描绘的两栖动物中以她的名字命名了这只小树蛙

四级After new legislation demanded their removal from the roads, a low interest loan scheme was set up with three Egyptian banks so drivers could buy new cars.

在新的立法要求将他们从道路上移除后，埃及与三家银行建立了一个低息贷款计划，以便司机可以购买新车。

四级A woman encouraged to try knitting and crocheting after developing an autoimmune disease that caused a lot of hand pain reported on the Craft Yam Council site that her hands are now less stiff and painful.

一名妇女在患上自身免疫性疾病后被鼓励尝试编织和钩编，该疾病导致手部疼痛。据工艺山药委员会网站报道，她的手现在不再那么僵硬和疼痛。

考研Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts church in the decade after 1629, there were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston.

1629年后的十年里，除了来到马萨诸塞州教堂的90多位博学的牧师外，还有像约翰·温斯洛普这样的政治领袖，他是一位受过教育的绅士、律师，也是波士顿前的官方官员。

高考Nothing like this had ever been done before, and day after day I kept coming up with solutions, but none of them worked.

以前从来没有做过这样的事情，我日复一日地提出解决方案，但没有一个奏效。

六级If after work you lie around on your bed and get irritated by political commentary on your phone or get stressed thinking about decisions about how to renovate your home, your brain has not received a break from high mental arousal states.

如果下班后你躺在床上，对手机上的政治评论感到恼火，或者在考虑如何装修房子的决定时感到压力，那么你的大脑并没有从高度的精神唤醒状态中得到休息。

考研Soon after Sketches by Bozappeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the then-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story.

在Bozappered的素描发表后不久，一家出版公司就找狄更斯写了一篇月刊，作为当时著名艺术家罗伯特·西摩（Robert Seymour）的一系列木刻画的背景。罗伯特·西摩是这个故事的创始人。

高考But soon after retirement, the golfing, the fishing, the reading and all of the other pastimes become as boring as the jobs they left.

但退休后不久，打高尔夫球、钓鱼、读书和所有其他消遣都变得和他们离开的工作一样无聊。

四级Tom Moses, who works at a nearby national park, noticed a "brown patch" on the back of the car after the owner parked it to do some shopping.

汤姆·摩西（Tom Moses）在附近的一个国家公园工作，在车主停车购物后，他注意到汽车后面有一块“棕色补丁”。

四级On Sunday, the castle’s owner John Gordon, 76, was forced to move out his property after the River Dee swept away about 60 feet of land, leaving the castle dangerously close to the river, according to the Scottish Daily Record.

根据苏格兰每日记录，周日，城堡的主人约翰·戈登（John Gordon），76岁，在迪河冲走了大约60英尺的土地后，被迫搬走了他的财产，使城堡危险地靠近河流。

高考One day after school, while exploring the green woods of this magnificent mountain, I almost fell on a set of stairs.

一天放学后，当我在这座壮丽的山上探索绿色森林时，我差点摔倒在楼梯上。

考研Many students find themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another after taking college classes.

许多学生发现自己在大学申请表上列出了一个专业，但在上完大学课程后又转到了另一个专业。

高考Like the two little girls growing up at the White House, we made our own beds no one left the house until that was doneand picked up after ourselves.

就像在白宫长大的两个小女孩一样，我们自己铺床。在那之前，没有人会离开家，也没有人会自己收拾。

高考After you've tried a new method for a week, take a look at your record.

在你尝试一个新方法一周后，看看你的记录。

四级In some ways, you probably go through that process after a big event like your wedding day – but the difference is that thanks to their other psychological tendencies, the HSAM subjects are doing it day in, day out, for the whole of their lives.

在某些方面，你可能会在婚礼等重大事件之后经历这个过程——但不同的是，由于他们的其他心理倾向，HSAM受试者在一生中每天都在这样做。

四级The animal made it to the roof of the building, after it took a long break on a 17th floor window edge.

这只动物在17楼的窗户边休息了很长时间后爬上了楼顶。

高考After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.

在进行了数百次测试后，研究人员注意到，猴子在超过一半的时间里会选择更高的值，这表明它们在进行计算，而不仅仅是记忆每个组合的值。

高考First, it's the dead line for after class activity application.

首先，这是课外活动申请的死线。

六级Well-off families are ruled by calendars, with children enrolled in ballet, soccer and after-school programs, according to a new Pew Research Center survey.

皮尤研究中心（Pew Research Center）的一项最新调查显示，富裕家庭受日历支配，孩子们参加芭蕾舞、足球和课外活动。

高考After all, the scientist is engaged in serious research to uncover the very nature of the physical world.

毕竟，这位科学家正在进行严肃的研究，以揭示物理世界的本质。

六级You only really get proficient after many years in the job.

你只有在工作多年后才能真正精通。

四级The Scottish Environment Protection Agency has issued more than 35 flood warnings covering several regions, as Scotland continues to clean up after Storm Frank hit the country last Wednesday.

苏格兰环境保护局发布了35多个洪水警报，覆盖多个地区。上周三弗兰克风暴袭击苏格兰后，苏格兰继续进行清理。

高考Even after all these years, I want to get better and better.

即使这些年过去了，我还是想变得越来越好。

高考One day soon after school had started, I said to them, " now I'm going to say something about reading that you have probably never heard a teacher say before.

开学后不久的一天，我对他们说：“现在我要说一些你可能从未听过老师说过的关于阅读的事情。

六级That seems to be what consumers are demanding, after all.

毕竟，这似乎是消费者的要求。

四级After making a stop for a few hours at a British station on the edge of Antarctica, the two workers were flown to the southernmost Chilean city of Punta Arenas.

在南极洲边缘的一个英国站停留了几个小时后，这两名工人被空运到智利最南端的城市蓬塔阿雷纳斯。

考研The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th- and 16th-century explorations of North America.

在15世纪和16世纪对北美的探险之后的一百多年里，第一批运往现在的美国领土的移民船横渡大西洋。

高考After questioning 1, 000 mothers with children under 18, it found that , on most days, mums started their routine work at 7am and finished at around 11pm.

在询问了1000名18岁以下孩子的母亲后，调查发现，在大多数日子里，母亲们从早上7点开始日常工作，到晚上11点左右结束。

四级The overall number of bacteria on the surface mattered more, and this decreased over time after the initial introduction.

表面上的细菌总数更为重要，在初次引入后，随着时间的推移，这一数字逐渐减少。

高考After that, feeling the need to explore further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL club's meetings.

之后，我觉得有必要进一步探索，于是决定顺便去参加ASL俱乐部的一次会议。

四级So it might be a good idea to get someone else to drive you home after that marathon.

因此，在马拉松比赛后，让别人开车送你回家可能是个好主意。

高考After ten years of living in one, I can't imagine ever living in a small town again.

在一个小镇住了十年后，我无法想象再住在一个小镇上。

六级But after I moved to Tokyo and lived there for a number of years, I got used to having a pile of to-do lists.

但在我搬到东京并在那里住了几年之后，我习惯了有一大堆待办事项清单。

考研After several decades, the same data were subjected to econometric analysis.

几十年后，同样的数据进行了计量经济分析。

高考Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went after all.

鲍勃认为他不能去参加聚会，因为他必须写一份报告，但他还是去了。

高考I wanted to go to college after high school, but I couldn't.

高中毕业后我想上大学，但我不能。

四级Thousands of bees left a town after landing on the back of a car when their queen got stuck in its boot.

数千只蜜蜂在蜂后被困在汽车后备箱后，降落在汽车后部，离开了一座城镇。

考研Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts church in the decade after 1629,There were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston.

1629年后的十年里，除了来到马萨诸塞州教堂的90多位博学的牧师外，还有像约翰·温斯洛普这样的政治领袖，他是一位受过教育的绅士、律师，也是波士顿前的官方官员。

四级Healing can take place after this.

治疗可以在这之后进行。

六级This was after controlling for IQ, socio-economic status and academic skills at school entry.

这是在控制了入学时的智商、社会经济地位和学术技能后得出的。

高考After hearing Steve's playing, Naomi was deeply impressed by his music.

听了史蒂夫的演奏后，内奥米对他的音乐印象深刻。

六级About 183.8 million people will shop on Cyber Monday, the first Monday after Thanksgiving.

大约1.838亿人将在感恩节后的第一个星期一“网络星期一”购物。

四级Many of its 800 stores are likely to close following the company’s decision to call in administrators after an attempt to sell the business for a token £1 failed.

在试图以1英镑的代币出售该公司业务失败后，该公司决定聘请管理人员，此后，该公司800家店铺中的许多可能会关闭。

高考After her mother read the poem to her, the writer felt sad at first.

在她母亲给她读了这首诗之后，这位作家开始感到悲伤。

六级After all, students making their own choices in this respect is what caused the problem in the first place.

毕竟，学生在这方面做出自己的选择才是问题的根源。

四级The Tunisian government said Monday that 45 people have been killed after gunmen attacked a town near the border with Libya.

突尼斯政府星期一说，枪手袭击了靠近利比亚边境的一个城镇，造成45人死亡。

四级After graduating with a degree in business and accounting, she joined a public accounting firm, married, bought a house, put lots of stuff in it, and had a baby.

在获得商业和会计学位毕业后，她加入了一家公共会计师事务所，结了婚，买了一栋房子，在里面放了很多东西，然后生了一个孩子。

六级So, what did she do after her acting career?

那么，她演艺生涯结束后做了什么？

考研Studies dating back to the 1930's indicate that laughter relaxes muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.

可以追溯到20世纪30年代的研究表明，笑可以放松肌肉，在笑声消失后45分钟内降低肌肉张力。

四级The incident happened on the 400 block of Rutland Road just after 12:30pm.

事件发生在下午12时30分刚过的拉特兰道400号街区。

高考After all, if we adapt in that way, we may avoid the need to change in so many others.

毕竟，如果我们以这种方式适应，我们可能会避免改变太多其他方面的需要。

四级The scientist confirmed the snake was a previously unknown species after conducting a genetic analysis of tissue samples.

在对组织样本进行遗传分析后，这位科学家确认这条蛇是一种以前未知的物种。

六级Good morning! America’s holiday shopping season starts on Black Friday, the day after Thanksgiving.

早上好美国的假日购物季从感恩节后的黑色星期五开始。

考研This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.

这种影响不仅将通过科学本身的出版物，而且希望通过一个更大的出版机构群，他们可能希望在科学之后对他们的方法进行建模。

高考After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on to thank all the people who had helped in her career.

在获得奥斯卡最佳女配角奖后，安妮·本尼迪克特继续感谢所有在她职业生涯中给予帮助的人。

四级This can result in severe penalties that continue long after punishment is completed.

这可能导致在惩罚结束后很长一段时间内持续的严厉惩罚。

四级The Scottish Environment Protection Agency has issued more than 35 flood warnings covering several regions, as Scotland continues to clean up after Storm Frankhit the country last Wednesday.

苏格兰环境保护局在几个地区发布了超过35个洪水警报，上周三法兰克福风暴袭击苏格兰后，苏格兰继续清理。

考研"When Dr.Epley and Mr.Schoreder asked other people in the same train station to predict how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their ride would be more pleasant if they sat on their own," the New York times summarizes.

《纽约时报》总结道：“当艾普利博士和斯科雷德先生要求同一火车站的其他人预测他们与陌生人交谈后的感受时，通勤者认为如果他们自己坐着，他们的旅程会更愉快。”。

四级In post-war Japan, the economy wasn’t doing so great, so you couldn’t get everyday-use items like household cleaners, says Lisa Katayama, author of Urawaza, a book named after the Japanese term for clever lifestyle tips and tricks, So people looked for ways to do with what they had.

《Urawaza》一书的作者Lisa Katayama说，在战后的日本，经济状况不太好，所以你无法买到像家用清洁剂这样的日常用品。这本书是以“聪明的生活方式技巧和窍门”一词命名的，因此人们想办法利用他们所拥有的东西。

四级This is after the country's main manufacturer stopped sales due to a potato shortage.

这是在该国的主要制造商因土豆短缺而停止销售之后。

四级Private courier companies, which have more dollars to spend, use their expertise in logistics to help revitalize damaged areas after a disaster.

私人快递公司可以花更多的钱，他们利用他们在物流方面的专业知识帮助受灾地区在灾后恢复活力。

六级After that, a few small populations left Africa to populate the rest of the world.

此后，少数人离开非洲，移居世界其他地区。

高考After all, many older people don't begin to experience physical and mental decline until after age 75.

毕竟，许多老年人直到75岁以后才开始经历身心衰退。

四级Police turned it over to the animal control department after they caught it.

警察在抓到它后把它交给了动物控制部门。

六级There is a lot of support at Yale, to an extent, after a while, there is too much support, he said, half-joking about the countless resources available at the school.

“耶鲁大学有很多支持，在某种程度上，过了一段时间，支持太多了，”他说，半开玩笑地说，学校里有无数可用的资源。

高考And secondly, let me ask you to please look after your money.

第二，请你保管好你的钱。

四级But they did much better after getting a good night sleep.

但是他们在睡了一个好觉之后表现得好多了。

高考After all, "patty poem" gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.

毕竟，“帕蒂诗”给了我对诗歌的热爱，不是因为这首诗让我精神振奋，而是因为它是最伤害我的一首诗。

六级I just got the idea a few months ago after posting some holiday photos on my social media accounts.

几个月前，在我的社交媒体账户上发布了一些假日照片后，我才有了这个想法。

四级After failing again and again, most animals give up hope.

在一次又一次的失败之后，大多数动物都放弃了希望。

四级A 16th century castle in Scotland is close to collapsing after lumps of soil were washed away by floods, threatening its foundations.

苏格兰一座16世纪的城堡因洪水冲走了一块块泥土而濒临倒塌，威胁到了它的地基。

六级After that I'll outline the new company's structures and who's going where.

之后，我将概述新公司的结构以及谁将去哪里。

六级At the end of his first year, Nijay lost his Pell Grant of over $5,000 after narrowly missing the 2.

在第一年结束时，尼杰在险些错过了第二次世界杯后失去了5000多美元的佩尔奖学金。

四级My dancing life began not because I wanted to do it, but because my mother was sick and tired of seeing me running around after school doing nothing.

我的舞蹈生活开始不是因为我想跳舞，而是因为我妈妈厌倦了看到我放学后无所事事地到处跑。

高考After all, a dollar was a tidy sum for an 11-year-old boy in 1961.

毕竟，在1961年，一美元对于一个11岁的男孩来说是一笔可观的金额。

考研You all came into a conversation where you first met the person, but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their name.

你们都是在第一次见面的时候开始谈话的，但过了一段时间，你们可能又见面了，忘记了他们的名字。

六级Pasta is no longer off the menu, after a new review of studies suggested that the carbohydrate can form part of a healthy diet, and even help people lose weight.

一项新的研究表明，面食可以成为健康饮食的一部分，甚至可以帮助人们减肥。之后，面食不再被排除在菜单之外。

四级But by demonstrating their common sense, they've shown that the divide between cats and humans may not be that great after all.

但是通过展示他们的常识，他们已经证明猫和人之间的区别可能并没有那么大。

考研It's not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game.

这不一定是一件坏事，但根据学校的不同，在游戏切换太晚后补学分可能会很昂贵。

高考After that, I'll have a meeting with him over lunch.

之后，我将和他一起吃午饭。

四级his manuals including The Royal Parisian Baker and the massive five-volume Art of French Cooking Series 18-1847, completed after his deat first systematized many basic principles of cooking, complete with drawings and step-by-step directions.

他的手册包括《巴黎皇家面包师》和《法国烹饪艺术》系列丛书18-1847，该系列丛书是在他的执事首次将许多烹饪基本原理系统化后完成的，包括图纸和逐步说明。

六级Ms.Lareau doesn't believe participating in fewer after-class activities will negatively affect children's development.

拉罗女士不认为减少课外活动会对孩子的发展产生负面影响。

四级A part-time job is a good way to balance costs while ensuring there is enough time left over for both academic subjects and after-class activities.

兼职工作是平衡成本的好方法，同时确保有足够的时间用于学术科目和课外活动。

六级In these groups, which came out of an Eastern European tradition of developing young talent, professors teach promising K-12 students advanced mathematics for several hours after school or on weekends.

在这些来自东欧培养年轻人才传统的群体中，教授在放学后或周末为有前途的K-12学生教授数小时高等数学。

考研They found that after a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increased by nearly 20%.

他们发现，在意外离职后，公司随后不得不重述收益的概率增加了近20%。

六级As a former high school teacher, I saw students choose familiar, cheaper options year after year.

作为一名前高中教师，我看到学生们年复一年地选择熟悉、便宜的选择。

高考He also won praise from social media users after Mr.Anderson posted about the act of kindness on Facebook.

安德森先生在Facebook上发布了关于善举的消息后，他也赢得了社交媒体用户的赞扬。

高考Larry was traveling along 165 north after delivering to one of his customers.

拉里在给他的一位顾客送货后，沿着北165路旅行。