四级"This finding supported ConAgra's decision to position the product against other high quality frozen dinners, rather than as a diet or health food.

“这一发现支持了康尼格拉的决定，即将该产品与其他高质量冷冻晚餐相比，而不是作为一种饮食或健康食品。

四级Isn't this the same crowd that rails against processed junk and champions craft cooking?

这不正是反对加工垃圾和支持手工烹饪的人群吗？

考研This argument has attracted a lot of attention, via the success of the book Race Against the Machine, by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee, who both hail from MTI's Center for Digital Business.

这一论点引起了很多关注，因为埃里克·布林约夫森（Erik Brynjolfsson）和安德鲁·麦卡菲（Andrew McAfee）都来自MTI数字商务中心，他们成功地完成了《与机器的图书竞赛》。

四级But he cautioned against concluding from this study that all brains are the same, regardless of gender.

但他警告不要从这项研究中得出结论，即所有大脑都是相同的，不管性别如何。

考研Later, more established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch.

后来，更多的老牌公司争先恐后地将这些专利添加到他们的档案中，哪怕只是为了防御可能会击败他们的竞争对手。

考研The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility from special interests.

美国财务会计准则委员会和国际会计准则委员会正是如此，清理了股票期权和养老金方面的规则，以防止特殊利益集团的敌意。

考研Even though there is plenty of evidence that the quality of the teachers is the most important variable, teachers’ unions have fought against getting rid of bad ones and promoting good ones.

尽管有大量证据表明，教师的素质是最重要的变量，但教师工会一直在反对淘汰劣质教师和推广优秀教师。

四级They need to immunise teams against group-think: Hackman argued that the best ones contain deviants ( ' , 离经叛道者) who are willing to do something that may be upsetting to others.

他们需要让团队不受集体思维的影响：哈克曼认为最好的团队包含越轨者（“，离经叛道者) 他们愿意做一些可能会让别人心烦的事情。

四级In the second experiment meant to pit the mice's hunger against their fear, hungry mice were placed in a cage that had certain "fox-scented" areas and other places that smelled safer but also had food.

在第二个实验中，饥饿的老鼠被放在一个笼子里，笼子里有“狐狸味”的区域，其他地方闻起来更安全，但也有食物。

六级So I started practicing the various practical steps mentioned by the author in the book, and began to revolt against the very idea of being too busy.

因此，我开始练习书中作者提到的各种实际步骤，并开始反对太忙的想法。

四级The author of this report seems to be against too much government interference in the economy.

这份报告的作者似乎反对政府过多地干预经济。

四级A stable family is the best protection against poverty.

稳定的家庭是消除贫困的最佳保障。

四级Even so, relatively few young women 16% say they have been discriminated against at work because of their gender.

即便如此，相对较少的年轻女性（16%）表示她们在工作中因性别而受到歧视。

四级This finding supported ConAgra's decision to position the product against other high quality frozen dinners, rather than as a diet or health food.

这一发现支持了康尼格拉的决定，即将该产品与其他高质量冷冻晚餐相比较，而不是作为一种饮食或健康食品。

四级The findings of the study so against received wisdom that boys do better when taught alongside girls.

这项研究的结果与人们普遍认为的相反，当男孩和女孩一起学习时，他们会做得更好。

四级At the end of the day, these kinds of systems are primarily designed to protect against the sort of opportunistic smash-and-grab attack that makes up the majority of burglaries.

归根结底，这类系统主要是为了防止构成大多数盗窃案的机会主义捣毁和抢夺攻击。

考研This was not a volunteer soldier, not someone well paid, but an average guy, up against the best trained, best equipped, fiercest, most brutal enemies seen in centuries.

这不是一个志愿兵，不是一个高薪的人，而是一个普通人，面对着几百年来最训练有素、装备最好、最凶猛、最残暴的敌人。

四级a worldwide leader in electronics products, says that we compete against market transitions ( ' , 过渡), not competitors.

一位电子产品领域的全球领先者表示，我们要与市场转型竞争（“，过渡), 不是竞争对手。

四级But most importantly, it is against the law.

但最重要的是，这是违法的。

六级Morgan's comments on outsourcing mark the second time this month that he has come out against one of Haslam's plans for higher education in Tennessee.

摩根关于外包的评论标志着他本月第二次公开反对哈斯拉姆在田纳西州的高等教育计划。

六级We have no chance of competing against machines on frequent high-volume tasks, but there are things we can do that machines cannot.

我们没有机会在频繁的高容量任务上与机器竞争，但有些事情我们可以做，而机器却做不到。

六级The Ebro Delta, in Spain, famous as a battleground during the Spanish civil War, is now the setting for a different contest, one that is pitting rice farmers against two enemies: the rice-eating giant apple snail, and rising sea levels.

西班牙的埃布罗三角洲在西班牙内战期间曾是一个著名的战场，现在它正在进行一场不同的竞赛，一场是让稻农与两个敌人较量：吃大米的巨型苹果蜗牛和海平面上升。

六级Aristotle and Socrates debated the nature of "akrasia"一our tendency to do things against our interests.

亚里士多德和苏格拉底就“阿克拉西亚”的性质进行了辩论一我们倾向于做违背我们利益的事情。

考研Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might bent them to the punch.

后来，移动老牌公司争先恐后地将这些专利添加到他们的档案中，如果只是为了防御可能让他们陷入困境的竞争对手。

高考To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the other.

为了取暖，水手坐在火炉前，赤着一只脚蹭着另一只脚。

四级Just when you had figured out how to manage fat in your diet, researchers are now warning against another common mealtime pitfall (陷阱) — salt.

就在你发现如何控制饮食中的脂肪时，研究人员现在警告你不要再犯另一个常见的进餐陷阱(陷阱) — 盐。

考研Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure, younger Americans are drawing a new 21st-century road map to success, a latest poll has found.

一项最新民调发现，在经济和人口结构急剧变化的背景下，美国年轻人正在绘制一幅新的21世纪成功路线图。

高考When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic.

当我30多岁开始跑步时，我意识到跑步是一场与我自己的斗争，而不是关于竞争或者我是否是运动员。

高考It was all about the battle against my own body and mind.

这一切都是关于与我自己的身体和思想的斗争。

高考There, sitting in the shade against its strong trunk, I read my books, ate my candy and drank my orange juice.

在那里，我靠着它结实的树干坐在树荫下看书，吃糖果，喝橙汁。

四级That means making some difficult decisions with elderly patients, and going against the misguided belief that when it comes to health care, more is always better

这意味着要对老年患者做出一些困难的决定，并且要反对一种错误的信念，即在医疗保健方面，越多越好

六级A handful of lawsuits have been filed in recent years against companies accused of using misleading environmental labels.

近几年来，针对被指控使用误导性环境标签的公司提起了一些诉讼。

考研Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the harder challenges in the fight against climate change.

森林给了我们阴凉、安静的环境，也是应对气候变化的一大挑战。

六级However, they're more cautious about sharing information with nonmembers, as the organization guards against others developing the ability to hiJack and take control of their satellites.

然而，他们在与非成员共享信息时更为谨慎，因为该组织防范其他人发展劫持和控制其卫星的能力。

高考It struck me that playing against the other team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the team.

让我吃惊的是，与另一支球队比赛对队里的所有女孩来说都是一个学习的好机会。

六级The passive attitude we have to climate change as individuals can be altered by counting us in—and measuring us against—our peer group.

作为个体，我们对气候变化的消极态度可以通过将我们计算在内并对照我们的同龄人群体来改变。

四级"It is a thing of no great difficulty," according to Plutarch," to raise objections against another man's speech, it is a very easy matter; but to produce a better in its place is a work extremely troublesome."

普鲁塔克说：“对别人的言论提出异议并不难，这是一件很容易的事；但是，要产生一个更好的替代品是一项极其麻烦的工作。”

六级"The project has two sides," says Xavier Serrat, Neurice project manager and researcher at the University of Barcelona,"the short-term fight against the snail, and a mid- to long-term fight against climate change.

“这个项目有两个方面，”巴塞罗那大学NICICE项目经理和研究员Xavier Serrat说：“短期的对抗蜗牛的斗争，以及中长期对抗气候变化的战斗。”

考研Michelle Obama has launched a high-visibility campaign against childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.

米歇尔·奥巴马（Michelle Obama）发起了一场针对儿童肥胖的高知名度运动，甚至声称这是我们国家安全的最大威胁。

六级The studies also ran up against many methodological challenges, the biggest of which centered on the old statistical saying, "Correlation does not equal causation."

这些研究还遇到了许多方法上的挑战，其中最大的挑战集中在古老的统计谚语“相关性不等于因果关系”上

高考In Julius Caesar, for example, Cassius's sly provocation of Brutus to take up arms against Caesar was the basis for a discussion of methods of team building and grass roots organising.

例如，在朱利叶斯·凯撒（Julius Caesar）一书中，卡修斯狡猾地挑衅布鲁图斯拿起武器对抗凯撒，这是讨论团队建设和基层组织方法的基础。

四级This finding supported ConAgra’s decision to position the product against other high quality frozen dinners, rather than as a diet or health food.

这一发现支持了康尼格拉的决定，即将该产品与其他高质量冷冻晚餐相比较，而不是作为一种饮食或健康食品。

四级Isn't this the same crowd that rails against processed junk and champions craft cooking? And isn't this the generation who say they're concerned about their health and the well-being of the planet? If these are truly the values of many young people, then their behavior doesn't match their beliefs.

这不正是反对加工垃圾和支持手工烹饪的人群吗？这一代人不是说他们关心自己的健康和地球的福祉吗？如果这些确实是许多年轻人的价值观，那么他们的行为与他们的信仰不符。

考研But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies, which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.

但它已经引发了重大争议，美国贸易代表开始调查该税是否歧视美国公司，这反过来可能导致对法国的贸易制裁。

考研We need to reframe race against the machine as race with the machine.

我们需要把与机器的比赛重新定义为与机器的比赛。

六级But that's the negative side, with risks that must be balanced against the benefits of sharing.

但这是消极的一面，风险必须与分享的好处相平衡。

六级The commission's revised Green Guides warn marketers against using labels that make broad claims, like eco-friendly.

委员会修订后的绿色指南警告营销人员不要使用诸如环保等广泛宣传的标签。

考研Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut.

一旦国家资金被削减，对雾霾的愤怒就烟消云散了。

考研Enraged by Entergy’s behavior, the Vermont Senate voted 26 to 4 last year against allowing an extension.

佛蒙特州参议院去年以26票对4票反对通过了延长投票期限的议案，因因因内瑞的行为而愤怒。

四级Kao said she cautions against forming any generalizations based on any one of the studies, noting that more background characteristics of the students need to be studied and explained.

高说，她警告说，不要根据任何一项研究进行任何概括，并指出，学生的更多背景特征需要研究和解释。

六级The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, a vast four-year global study which reported its initial conclusions earlier this year, found reasons to believe that managing ecosystems sustainably—working with nature rather than against it—might be less profitable in the short term, but certainly brings long-term rewards.

《千年生态系统评估》（Millennium Economic Assessment）是一项为期四年的大型全球研究，今年早些时候报告了其初步结论。该研究发现，有理由相信，可持续地管理生态系统，而不是与自然协同工作，在短期内可能利润较低，但肯定会带来长期回报。

高考It was a tradition for the school's old team to play against the new team at the end of spring practice.

学校的老队在春季训练结束时与新队比赛是一项传统。

考研Even though there is plenty of evidence that the quality of the teachers is the most important variable, teachers'unions have fought against getting rid of bad ones and promoting good ones.

尽管有大量证据表明，教师的素质是最重要的变量，但教师工会一直在反对淘汰劣质教师和推广优秀教师。

考研The court’s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.

法院的裁决是在打击腐败和官员偏袒方面向前迈出的一步。

四级They want to protect themselves against medical disputes.

他们想保护自己不受医疗纠纷的影响。

六级American educates so manymore people at university that one can’t expect all those who go to be as intelligent as the much narrower band in British universities, says the professor Christopher Rakes at Boston university, I’m not against elitism, but I happen to like having people who are more eager to learn.

波士顿大学的克里斯托弗·拉克斯教授说，美国人在大学里教育的人太多了，以至于一个人不可能指望所有的人都像英国大学里的少数人一样聪明。我并不反对精英主义，但我碰巧喜欢有更渴望学习的人。

考研Bob Herz, the FASB’s chairman, cried out against those who “question our motives.

美国财务会计准则委员会（FASB）主席鲍勃·赫兹（Bob Herz）大声反对那些“质疑我们动机”的人。

四级The author was advised against the improper use of figures of speech.

有人劝作者不要不当使用比喻。

四级I was probably up against the most fear I've ever had," she says.

我可能遇到了我有史以来最害怕的事情，”她说。

四级To protest against the poor working conditions.

抗议恶劣的工作条件。

六级It makes students feel that they are discriminated against in many ways.

这让学生感到他们在许多方面受到歧视。

四级against too much government interference in the economy

反对政府对经济的过多干预

考研It Is against that background that the information commissioner, Elizabeth Denham, has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS, which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.

正是在这种背景下，信息专员伊丽莎白·德纳姆（Elizabeth Denham）对英国国家医疗服务体系（NHS）下属的皇家自由医院信托基金（Royal Free hospital trust）做出了谴责性的裁决，该基金将1年的记录移交给了DeepMind。

考研The court's ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.

法院的裁决是在打击腐败和官员偏袒方面向前迈出的一步。

考研The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility form special interests.

美国财务会计准则委员会和国际会计准则委员会正是如此，清理了股票期权和养老金方面的规则，例如针对特殊利益集团的敌意。

六级He spoke out against the idea of white and black as distinct groups, claiming that these distinctions ignored the scope of human diversity.

他公开反对白人和黑人作为不同群体的观点，声称这些区别忽视了人类多样性的范围。

高考According to the author, polluting industries should fight against carbon pollution.

作者认为，污染行业应该与碳污染作斗争。

六级The most promising strategy has become to harness one foe against the other.

最有希望的战略已经变成利用一个敌人对抗另一个敌人。

四级Leah reflects on one incident that triggered her fears, when her investors threatened to shut her down: I was probably up against the most fear I've ever had, she says.

Leah回忆了一次引发她担忧的事件，当时她的投资者威胁要关闭她：我可能遇到了我有史以来最担心的事情，她说。

高考As a result, in the last twenty years or so, many people have come to believe that whatever change is happening today is the result of great technological progress, going against which will be like trying to turn the clock back.

因此，在过去二十年左右的时间里，许多人开始相信，今天发生的任何变化都是巨大的技术进步的结果，与之相反，就像试图让时钟倒转一样。

四级The arguments against physical education have included concerns that gym time may be taking away from study time.

反对体育教育的理由包括担心健身时间可能会占用学习时间。

高考You can make your environment work for you instead of against you.

你可以让你的环境对你有利，而不是对你不利。

四级With the percentage of people over age 65 expected to nearly double by 2050, it's important to weigh the health benefits of screening against the risks and costs of routine testing.

预计到2050年，65岁以上人口的比例将增加近一倍，因此重要的是权衡筛查对健康的好处与常规检测的风险和成本。

考研Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of examples of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored anti-smoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool.

普利策奖获得者罗森博格提供了一系列社会治疗的实例：在南卡罗来纳州，一个名为“愤怒对抗烟霾”的州赞助反吸烟项目开始让香烟变得不酷。

考研He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets.

他喜欢城外的购物场所，而不喜欢大街。

四级Students of different races are prejudiced against each other

不同种族的学生彼此有偏见

六级So Boser has to vaccinate her foxes against various diseases.

因此，博瑟必须给她的狐狸接种各种疾病的疫苗。

考研Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work against the disappearance of the paper system.

虽然电子支付手段可能比基于纸张的支付系统更有效，但有几个因素不利于纸张系统的消失。

考研The food industry will be alarmed that such senior doctors back such radical moves, especially the call to use some of the tough tactics that have been deployed against smoking over the last decade.

这些资深医生支持这些激进的举措，特别是呼吁使用过去十年来针对吸烟采取的一些强硬策略，食品行业将对此感到震惊。

高考Another argument against television is that it replaces reading as a form of entertainment.

反对电视的另一个论点是它取代了阅读作为一种娱乐形式。

考研In Wisconsin the unions have rallied thousands of supporters against Scott Walker, the hardline Republican governor.

在威斯康星州，工会已召集数千名支持者反对强硬的共和党州长斯科特·沃克。

四级Within the wider business world, a man who liked to see himself as a hippy （嬉皮士）, permanently in revolt against big companies, ended up being hailed by many of those corporate giants as one of the greatest chief executives of his time

在更广阔的商业世界里，一个喜欢把自己看作嬉皮士的人(嬉皮士）, 长期反对大公司，最终被许多公司巨头誉为他那个时代最伟大的首席执行官之一

六级A full 18 percent have even returned devices until they feel they can get safer guarantees against having their sensitive information hacked.

整整18%的人甚至退回了设备，直到他们觉得可以得到更安全的保证，防止敏感信息遭到黑客攻击。

考研Enraged by Entergy's behavior, the Vermont Senate voted 26 to 4 last year against allowing an extension.

佛蒙特州参议院去年以26票对4票反对通过了延长投票期限的议案，因因因内瑞的行为而愤怒。

六级In 2008 and 2009, class-action lawsuits ( ' , 集体诉讼) were filed against SC Johnson for using Greenlist labels on its cleaning products.

在2008年和2009年，集体诉讼（'，集体诉讼) 因在清洁产品上使用绿名单标签而被起诉。

四级To protect themselves against the cold weather

保护自己不受寒冷天气的影响

六级The passive attitude we have to climate change as individuals can be altered by counting us in — and measuring us against - our peer group.

作为个体，我们对气候变化的消极态度可以通过将我们算在我们的同龄人群体中——并与之相对照——来改变。

六级The commission's revised "Green Guides" warn against using labels that make broad claims, like "eco-friendly".

委员会的修订版“绿色指南”警告不要使用“环保”等广泛宣称的标签。

高考Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites.

英国政府针对不安全网站发出警告。

四级The biggest concern with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to do sufficient testing and they've produced a system that will break some kind of taboo.

与人类价值观背道而驰的机器人最令人担忧的是，人类无法进行充分的测试，他们已经制造出了一种可以打破某种禁忌的系统。

四级John Chambers, chairman of cisco Systems Inc., a worldwide leader in electronics products, says that "we compete against market transitions, not competitors."

全球电子产品领导者思科系统公司（cisco Systems Inc.）董事长约翰·钱伯斯（John Chambers）表示，“我们的竞争对手是市场转型，而不是竞争对手。”

四级Even so, relatively few young women 15% say they have been discriminated against at work because of their gender.

即便如此，相对较少的年轻女性（15%）表示她们在工作中因性别而受到歧视。

四级Even if the odds are stacked against you, marriage can more than compensate.

即使你的运气不好，婚姻也能给你带来更多的补偿。

六级a basis for explaining human genetic diversityan aid to understanding different populationsan explanation for social and cultural differencesa term to describe individual human characteristicsmodern genetics research is likely to fuel racial conflictsrace is a poorly defined marker of human genetic diversityrace as a biological term can explain human genetic diversitygenetics research should consider social and cultural variablesit is absolutely necessary to put race aside in making diagnosisit is important to include social variables in genetics researchracial categories for genetic diversity could lead to wrong clinical predictionsdiscrimination against black people may cause negligence in clinical treatmentThey be more precise with the language they use.

解释人类遗传多样性的基础有助于理解不同的人群解释社会和文化差异描述人类个体特征的术语现代遗传学研究可能助长种族冲突种族是人类遗传多样性的一个定义不清的标记种族作为一个生物学术语可以解释人类遗传多样性遗传学研究应考虑到社会和文化的差异，在诊断中必须将种族放在一边，在遗传学中包含社会变量是很重要的。研究遗传类别的遗传多样性可能导致错误的临床预测。临床治疗中的疏忽他们使用的语言更加精确。

四级Its effects on the global economy go against existing economic laws.

它对全球经济的影响违反了现有的经济法。

六级In 2008 and 2009, class-action lawsuits were filed against SC Johnson for using "Greenlist" labels on its cleaning products.

2008年和2009年，SC Johnson因在其清洁产品上使用“绿名单”标签而被提起集体诉讼。

考研Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal.

在游说团体的压力下，乔治·奥斯本支持农村新建筑，反对城市改造和更新。

考研Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool.

罗森博格，普利策奖的获得者，提供了一系列社会治疗的实例：在南卡罗来纳州，一个名为“愤怒对抗烟霾”的州赞助的禁烟项目开始让香烟变得不酷。

高考This led to some painful experiences on Saturday as they played against teams better trained.

这导致了一些痛苦的经历，在周六他们与训练更好的球队比赛。

六级Women won the right at to swim in public pools, learned to swim properly, created appropriate swimwear, and in time even competed against men.

女性赢得了在公共游泳池游泳的权利，学会了正确的游泳，创造了合适的泳衣，最终甚至与男性竞争。