六级Runaway fires pour even more carbon into the air, which increases temperatures, starting the whole vicious cycle all over again

失控的大火向空气中注入更多的碳，从而提高了温度，再次开始了整个恶性循环

六级For a start, all animals, such as cows, pigs and sheep, always gas limed methane, which is the second most common green house gas after carbon dioxide.

首先，所有的动物，如牛、猪和羊，都是用气浸石灰的甲烷，这是仅次于二氧化碳的第二种最常见的温室气体。

六级We need very broad participation to fully address the global tragedy that results when countries fail to take into account the negative impact of their carbon emissions on the rest of the world.

我们需要非常广泛的参与，以全面解决各国未能考虑到其碳排放对世界其他地区的负面影响而导致的全球悲剧。

高考Without gravity to help circulate air, the carbon dioxide you exhale has a tendency to form an invisible cloud around you head.

如果没有重力帮助空气循环，你呼出的二氧化碳会在你的头部形成一团看不见的云。

高考According to the author, polluting industries should fight against carbon pollution.

作者认为，污染行业应该与碳污染作斗争。

六级The author argues that the rising carbon levels in rain forests may turn them into a major source of greenhouse gases.

作者认为，雨林中碳含量的上升可能使其成为温室气体的主要来源。

四级carbon emissions come from heating, cooling and powering our homes, offices and other buildings

碳排放来自家庭、办公室和其他建筑的供暖、制冷和供电

六级Pricing carbon proves the most economical way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

碳定价证明了减少温室气体排放最经济的方法。

六级Unless renewables become cheap enough that substantial carbon deposits are left underground for a very long time, if not forever, the planet will likely be exposed to potentially catastrophic climate risks.

除非可再生能源变得足够便宜，以至于大量的碳沉积在地下很长一段时间（如果不是永远的话），否则地球将可能面临潜在的灾难性气候风险。

高考You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache.

你最终可能会患上宇航员所说的二氧化碳头痛。

高考This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to the initial Paris promises to reduce carbon emissions; this rise could still put coastal cities under water and drive over half of all species to extinction.

这就是到2100年，即使各国兑现巴黎最初承诺的减少碳排放量，气温仍将上升多少；这一上升仍可能使沿海城市陷入水下，并导致超过一半的物种灭绝。

高考But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions.

但目前气候变暖的程度取决于各国减少碳排放的程度。

高考When the polluting industries argue that we've lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, it's a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.

当污染行业争辩说我们已经输掉了控制碳污染的战斗，除了适应之外别无选择时，这是一个旨在证明一切照旧的无稽之谈。

六级Action to restore appropriate price incentives, notably through corrective carbon pricing, is urgently needed to lower the risk of irreversible and potentially devastating effects of climate change.

迫切需要采取行动，恢复适当的价格激励，特别是通过纠正碳定价，以降低气候变化不可逆转和潜在破坏性影响的风险。

六级And it would raise the demand for technologies such as carbon capture and storage, spurring their further development.

这将提高对碳捕获和储存等技术的需求，刺激它们的进一步发展。

六级Some scientists believe that the rise in carbon levels means that the Amazon and other rain forests in Asia and Africa may go from being assets in the battle against rising temperatures to liabilities

一些科学家认为，碳水平的上升意味着亚马逊河流域以及亚洲和非洲的其他雨林可能会从对抗气温上升的斗争中的资产变成负债

六级Direct subsidies to research and development have been adopted by some governments but are a poor substitute for a carbon price: they do only part of the job, leaving in place market incentives to over-use fossil fuels and thereby add to the stock of atmo

一些政府已经采取了对研发的直接补贴，但这并不能很好地替代碳价格：它们只做了部分工作，留下了过度使用化石燃料的市场激励，从而增加了atmo的存量

六级Setting the right carbon price will therefore efficiently align the costs paid by carbon users with the true social opportunity cost of using carbon.

因此，设定正确的碳价格将有效地使碳用户支付的成本与使用碳的真正社会机会成本保持一致。

六级Each burning season in the Amazon, fires deliberately set by frontier settlers and developers hurl up almost half a billion metric tons of carbon a year, placing Brazil among the top five contributors to greenhouse gases in the world.

在亚马逊地区的每个燃烧季节，边境定居者和开发商故意放火，每年排放近5亿吨碳，使巴西成为世界上温室气体排放量最大的五个国家之一。

高考When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate.

当这些生物死亡时，它们将碳埋在深海中，这是一个有助于调节全球气候的重要过程。

考研The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.

我们正在加速的气候变化有朝一日可能会给我们留下排放的碳超过吸收的森林。

四级However, David Reay, professor of carbon management, argues that, although microwaves use a great deal of energy, their emissions are minor compared to those from cars.

然而，碳管理教授大卫·雷伊（David Reay）认为，尽管微波使用大量能源，但与汽车相比，其排放量较小。

考研But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture, so they grow and thrive, restoring the forest's capacity to pull carbon from the air.

但剩下的树木吸收了更多的可用水分，因此它们生长茁壮成长，恢复了森林从空气中吸收碳的能力。

六级The carbon that we've put into the atmosphere keeps having a warming effect for 100 years, so we have to cut back rapidly now, because it would take a long time to work its way through into a response by the atmosphere.

我们排放到大气中的碳100年来一直具有变暖效应，因此我们现在必须迅速减少，因为它需要很长时间才能转化为大气的反应。

考研The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber or burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels.

该战略还旨在确保从森林中移除的木质材料中的碳以固体木材的形式被锁定，或作为生物燃料在原本使用化石燃料的车辆中燃烧。

考研Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their ability to do so.

即使我们人类指望森林吸收我们产生的大量二氧化碳，我们也在威胁他们这样做的能力。

六级Its inability to curb the carbon emissions from industries

它无法控制工业的碳排放

考研Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon.

直到最近，他们才认识到森林在储存碳方面的重要作用。

六级Politicians may tackle polluters while scientists do battle with carbon emissions.

政客们可能会对付污染者，而科学家们则会对付碳排放。

六级A tax on upstream carbon sources is one easy way to put a price on carbon emissions, although some countries may wish to use other methods, such as emissions trading schemes.

对上游碳源征税是为碳排放定价的一种简单方法，尽管一些国家可能希望使用其他方法，如排放交易计划。

考研The state's proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest.

该州提出的森林碳计划旨在加倍努力，在部分森林地区砍伐幼树和清除灌木丛。

六级The country is also planning to reduce its carbon footprint by 80-95% by 2050, sparking a shift to green energy in the country.

该国还计划到2050年将碳足迹减少80-95%，从而促使该国转向绿色能源。

六级Co-author Amy Zanne thinks that users probably range from climate-change researchers wanting to estimate how much carbon is stored in biomass, to foresters looking for information on different grades of timber.

合著者艾米·赞恩认为，用户可能包括希望估算生物量中储存多少碳的气候变化研究人员，以及寻找不同等级木材信息的林业工作者。

高考The astronauts will suffer from a carbon-dioxide headache when they exercise in one place for a long time.

宇航员长时间在一个地方锻炼时会患上二氧化碳头痛。

六级The hope is that the success of COP 21 opens the door to future international agreement on carbon prices.

希望是COP 21的成功为未来的碳价格国际协议打开了大门。

六级billion metric tons of carbon into the atmosphere each year - making forests the leading source of greenhouse gases.

每年有10亿公吨的碳排放到大气中，使森林成为温室气体的主要来源。

六级It will motivate all nations to reduce carbon emissions.

它将激励所有国家减少碳排放。

六级Heating this chemical compound drives off carbon dioxide gas, leaving calcium oxide.

加热这种化合物会排出二氧化碳气体，留下氧化钙。

六级By raising relative demand for clean energy sources, a carbon price would also help align the market return to clean-energy innovation with its social return, spurring the refinement of existing technologies and the development of new ones.

通过提高对清洁能源的相对需求，碳价格还将有助于使清洁能源创新的市场回报与其社会回报保持一致，刺激现有技术的改进和新技术的开发。

六级Despite mournful polar bears and charts showing carbon emissions soaring, most people find it hard to believe that global warming will affect them personally.

尽管北极熊哀伤不已，图表显示碳排放量飙升，但大多数人很难相信全球变暖会对他们个人造成影响。

六级carbon emissions are the leading cause of current global warming

碳排放是当前全球变暖的主要原因

高考Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide into the ocean while giving off oxygen.

浮游植物生活在海洋表面，它们在释放氧气的同时将二氧化碳吸入海洋。

六级Left alone, it was assumed, the world's rain forests would not only flourish but might even rescue us from disaster by absorbing the excess carbon dioxide and other planet-warming greenhouse gases.

人们认为，如果不加以考虑，世界雨林不仅会繁衍生息，甚至可能通过吸收过量的二氧化碳和其他导致地球变暖的温室气体，将我们从灾难中解救出来。

六级Agreement on an international carbon-price floor would be a good starting point in that process.

就国际碳价格下限达成协议将是这一进程的良好起点。

六级The result would be higher emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.

结果将是二氧化碳和其他温室气体的排放量增加。

四级And it would take an average of 65 years for the reduced carbon emissions from a new energy-efficient home to make up for the resources lost by destroying an old one.

一个新的节能住宅减少的碳排放量平均需要65年的时间来弥补因摧毁一个旧住宅而损失的资源。

六级In order to maximize global welfare, every country's carbon pricing should reflect not only the purely domestic damage from emissions, but also the damage to foreign countries.

为了实现全球福利最大化，每个国家的碳定价不仅应该反映排放对国内造成的纯粹损害，还应该反映对外国造成的损害。

六级While alternative estimates of the damage from carbon emissions differ, and it's especially hard to reckon the likely costs of possible catastrophic climate events, most estimates suggest substantial negative effects.

虽然对碳排放造成的损害的其他估计各不相同，而且很难估算可能发生的灾难性气候事件的可能成本，但大多数估计都表明了巨大的负面影响。

六级The reason is that when carbon is priced, those emissions reductions that are least costly to implement will happen first.

原因是，当碳定价时，实施成本最低的减排将首先发生。

四级We must cut carbon emissions by 80% from their 2006 levels by 2020, stabilize the world's population at eight billion by 2040, completely remove poverty, and restore forests and soils.

我们必须到2020年将碳排放量从2006年的水平减少80%，到2040年将世界人口稳定在80亿，彻底消除贫困，恢复森林和土壤。

四级According to the author, Obama's plan to limit carbon dioxide emissions will by no means be inexpensive

根据作者的说法，奥巴马限制二氧化碳排放的计划绝不是廉价的

六级Grazing herds stimulate microbial activity in the soil, helping to capture water and separate carbon.

放牧牛群刺激土壤中的微生物活动，有助于捕捉水分和分离碳。

六级Economic reasoning shows that the least expensive way for each country is to put a price on carbon emissions.

经济推理表明，对每个国家来说，成本最低的方法是为碳排放定价。

六级Direct subsidies to research and development have been adopted by some governments but are a poor substitute for a carbon price: they do only part of the job, leaving in place market incentives to over-use fossil fuels and thereby add to the stock of atmospheric greenhouse gases without regard to the collateral ( ' , 附带的) costs.

一些政府已经采取了对研发的直接补贴，但这并不能很好地替代碳价格：它们只做了部分工作，留下了过度使用化石燃料的市场激励，从而在不考虑抵押品的情况下增加了大气温室气体存量（“，附带的) 成本。

四级Popping food into the microwave for a couple of minutes may seem utterly harmless, but Europe's stock of these quick-cooking ovens emit as much carbon as nearly 7 million cars, a new study has found.

一项新的研究发现，将食物放入微波炉中几分钟似乎是完全无害的，但欧洲库存的这种快速烹饪炉排放的碳量相当于近700万辆汽车。

六级Many environmental experts now believe that methane is more responsible for global warming than carbon dioxide

许多环境专家现在认为甲烷比二氧化碳对全球变暖负有更大的责任

六级The International Monetary Fund calculates that countries can generate substantial fiscal revenues by eliminating fossil fuel subsidies and levying carbon charges that capture the domestic damage caused by emissions.

国际货币基金组织（IMF）计算出，各国可以通过取消化石燃料补贴和征收碳排放费来获得可观的财政收入，以弥补排放造成的国内损害。

六级Politicians may tackle polluters while scientists do battle with carbon emissions .

政客们可能会对付污染者，而科学家们则会对付碳排放。

高考But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution.

但最明智的适应方式无疑是调整我们的能源系统，以减少碳污染。

六级If not corrected by the appropriate carbon price, low fossil fuel prices are not accurately signaling to markets the true social profitability of clean energy.

如果不通过适当的碳价格加以纠正，低化石燃料价格就不能准确地向市场表明清洁能源的真正社会盈利能力。

六级But its surface has been cooked and dried by an ocean of carbon dioxide, trapped in the burning death grip of a runaway greenhouse effect.

但它的表面已经被一片二氧化碳海洋煮熟和干燥，被失控的温室效应所吞噬。

考研Helping forests flourish as valuable "carbon sinks" long into the future may require reducing their capacity to absorb carbon now.

帮助森林在未来长期繁荣成为有价值的“碳汇”可能需要降低它们吸收碳的能力。

四级Mr Obama's plan to curb carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions (排放), though necessary, will be far from cost-free, whatever his sunny speeches on the subject might suggest.

奥巴马控制二氧化碳（CO2）排放的计划(排放), 尽管这是必要的，但无论他在这一主题上的阳光演讲可能会提出什么建议，它都远不是免费的。

高考Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.

变暖改变了海洋的主要特征，并可能影响浮游植物的生长，因为它们不仅需要阳光和二氧化碳才能生长，还需要营养物质。

高考The idea is to get people fit and reduce their carbon footprint.

这个想法是为了让人们健康，减少他们的碳足迹。