Interstitial lung diseases, or ILD, are a large group of disorders that can cause progressive scarring of lung tissue if not treated timely and effectively, resulting in difficulty to breathe and even death.

间质性肺病（ILD）是一大类疾病，如果不及时有效治疗，会导致肺组织进行性瘢痕形成，导致呼吸困难甚至死亡。

Other companies' research includes a new treatment for diabetes, scar tissue remodeling, evaluation of new medicine for cancers and medical equipment innovation.

He said that suggests China still suffers from "scarring effects" caused by the pandemic over the past few years.

The bounce-back seen in the global economy and a gradual elimination of the "scarring effect" caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have boosted China's trade flow in recent months, said Zhang Xiaotao, dean of the School of International Trade and Economics at Central University of Finance and Economics.

Looking deeper, we see two reasons why China's current risk premium stands at a high level — the scarring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, and some structural factors over the medium and long terms.

The country has stepped away from the shadow of the COVID-19 pandemic, yet we don't see much data on how much lingering scarring effects there will be.

A recovery in consumer spending still needs time to pick up due to the scarring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, they said, adding that more efforts should be made to effectively raise household earnings, increase employment, boost consumer sentiment and promote the growth of key fields such as services consumption and new types of consumption.

Given the aforementioned observations and close looks at developments in China's financial markets, it can be said that the current difficulties facing the Chinese economy are a result of scarring effects induced by the pandemic and far-flung liquidity pressures in the property sector.

The scarring effects are twofold — damage to balance sheets of microeconomic entities caused by COVID-19 restrictions, and the psychological trauma that the contagion has inflicted on the public.

The outbreak of the pandemic, along with its scarring effects, has exacerbated liquidity pressure in the property sector.

This has proved to be an obvious underestimation of the ongoing impact of the scarring effects.

In April, as pent-up demand was fully released, it was widely recognized that sluggish demand existed across sectors and thus economic expectations were lowered, which enhanced the mutual reinforcement between the scarring effects and liquidity pressures in the real estate market.

Tian said the country has already rolled out a series of supportive measures in recent years, like reducing fees and taxes, lowering financing costs and supporting SMEs' access to funding, in a move to buffer the "scarring effect" of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Experts and private businesspeople believe the document is part of the package of measures to revive the economy hurt by the "scarring effects" of COVID-19 and challenges from a more complicated external environment, which will also help boost market confidence as well as stabilize expectations and the overall economy.

Wang Yun, deputy director of the Chinese Academy of Macroeconomic Research's Institute for International Economic Research, said that a recovery in consumption still needs time to pick up due to the "scarring effects" of COVID-19.

Warning of challenges from a cloudy global outlook, the scarring effects of the COVID-19 shock and the existing structural issues, Guan Tao, global chief economist of BOC International, said it is advisable for the policymakers to step up macroeconomic policy support, including proactive fiscal policies and structural monetary policy tools, to broaden the economic recovery.

He linked the insufficient demand to factors including households lacking the purchasing power for persistently spending amid mounting employment pressure and the "scarring effect" of COVID-19.

After three years of the COVID-19 pandemic, the "scarring effect" — which refers to the mid- to long-term impact that a major crisis may have on economic growth — should be considered first.

Emerging market and developing economies in Asia are expected to see the most scarring of any region in terms of long-term reduced output due to the pandemic.

For emerging market and developing economies, lockdowns and containment measures may be needed more frequently in 2021 and 2022 than in advanced economies, increasing the likelihood of medium-term scarring effects on the potential output of those countries, according to the IMF forecast.

As to policy priorities for governments, the global lender said foremost is overcoming the immediate health crisis and returning employment to normal levels and then limiting the long-term impact of the crisis by limiting scarring, including from zombie firms, and reducing inequality — both within and across countries.

"With tourism income gone and services trade wobbling, AEs are bracing for more scarring on global markets this winter," added Vasiljev.

Interstitial lung diseases are a large group of disorders that can cause progressive scarring of lung tissue if not treated on time and effectively, resulting in difficulty breathing or even death.

They said China's gaming industry has gradually resumed strong growth this year despite headwinds and the "scarring effect" of the COVID-19 impact, with the sector set to continue a steady run for the rest of the year.

"I felt no pain, and there was no bruise and scar.

"Facing a scarring effect from the COVID-19 pandemic, China needs to take precise policy measures to promote employment and improve people's livelihood, while also boosting investment in private economy," said Lou when addressing the annual convention of China Wealth Management 50 Forum, which was held in Shenzhen, Guangdong province over the weekend.

"China will remain a key engine of global economic growth in the future," the statement said, as the country's vast domestic market, easing scarring effect of COVID and an orderly transition in growth engines will underpin high-quality economic development at a reasonable growth rate.

In addition, due to the highly persistent "scarring effect", the private sector would be extra cautious about debt following a long and painful deleveraging process.

This year is indeed significantly different from previous years, such as 2021, due to the anti-inflationary forces and the "scar effect" from the COVID-19 pandemic.

Georgieva, however, warned that the overall economic outlook is still uncertain even though vaccines can be expected soon, adding that growth prospects across all countries are affected by economic scarring, including from job losses and higher inequality.

Across all countries, growth prospects are affected by "economic scarring," including job losses and higher inequality.