The microprocessor is etched onto a thin silicon wafer.
这个微处理器被蚀刻在一块薄的硅晶圆上。
The wafer needs to be cleaned thoroughly before the fabrication process begins.
在开始制造过程之前，晶圆需要彻底清洁。
The company specializes in high-quality semiconductor
wafers for the electronics industry.
该公司专注于为电子工业提供高质量的半导体晶圆。
After the testing, the defective
wafers were discarded.
测试后，发现有缺陷的晶圆被丢弃。
The technician handled the delicate wafer with great care to avoid any damage.
技术员小心翼翼地处理着脆弱的晶圆，以免损坏。
The wafer furnace heats the
wafers to extremely high temperatures for precise doping.
晶圆炉将晶圆加热到极高的温度以实现精确掺杂。
A wafer saw is used to cut the large silicon crystal into individual
wafers.
切片机用于将大块硅晶体切割成单个晶圆。
The wafer-to-wafer bonding technology is crucial for creating multi-chip modules.
晶圆对晶圆键合技术对于制造多芯片模块至关重要。
The company's latest innovation involves developing new materials for ultra-thin wafer production.
公司最新的创新是研发超薄晶圆生产的新型材料。
The yield of high-quality
wafers has significantly increased with the implementation of new manufacturing techniques.
新的制造工艺实施后，高品质晶圆的产出率显著提高。
China's production of clean energy equipment such as wind power and photovoltaic power generation also ranks first in the world, and it accounts for over 70 percent of the global production of polycrystalline silicon, silicon wafers, batteries, and components.
中国的风能、光伏发电等清洁能源设备产量也位居世界第一，占全球多晶硅、硅片、电池和组件产量的70%以上。
Longi Green Energy Technology Co, the world's biggest PV panel maker, saw its first half net profit increase 41.6 percent year-on-year to 64.65 billion yuan, which it attributed to a wider gross profit margin at its solar panel business after prices of polycrystalline silicon and wafer products in the upstream industry dropped.
全球最大的光伏电池板制造商朗基绿色能源技术公司上半年净利润同比增长41.6%，达到646.5亿元，这归因于上游行业多晶硅和晶圆产品价格下跌后，其太阳能电池板业务的毛利率提高。
The jump in shipments of solar silicon wafers and modules from a year earlier after new plants came onboard also contributed, said the Xi'an, Shaanxi province-based company.
这家总部位于陕西省西安的公司表示，新工厂投产后，太阳能硅晶片和组件的出货量较上年同期大幅增长也起到了一定作用。
The China Photovoltaic Industry Association said polysilicon production increased 65 percent year-on-year in the first half to more than 600,000 metric tons, while silicon wafer production rose 63 percent to 250 GW.
中国光伏行业协会表示，上半年多晶硅产量同比增长65%，达到60多万公吨，硅片产量增长63%，达到250吉瓦。
Europe was the largest module market for Chinese exports and Asia was China's largest market for silicon wafers and solar cells, it said.
该公司表示，欧洲是中国出口的最大模块市场，亚洲是中国最大的硅片和太阳能电池市场。
"Trina already operates a tracker manufacturing plant in Brazil and a wafer production facility in Vietnam that was commissioned earlier this year.
“天合光能已经在巴西运营了一家跟踪器制造厂，并在越南运营了一个晶圆生产厂，该工厂于今年早些时候投入使用。
World's top solar module firm riding global PV wave, eyes hydrogen synergyMajor Chinese solar power company LONGi Green Energy Technology Co Ltd aims to double its sales of photovoltaic modules and largely expand those of silicon wafers this year to tap the fast-growing PV market, said a top executive.
一位高管表示，世界顶级太阳能组件公司乘着全球光伏浪潮，着眼于氢协同。中国主要太阳能发电公司隆基绿色能源技术有限公司计划今年将光伏组件的销售额翻一番，并大幅扩大硅片的销售额，以开拓快速增长的光伏市场。
Zhong Baoshen, chairman of LONGi, said the company is projected to achieve a sales volume of 85 gigawatts of modules and 130 GW of silicon wafers in 2023.
隆基集团董事长钟宝申表示，预计到2023年，该公司的模块销量将达到85吉瓦，硅片销量将达到130吉瓦。
Last year, LONGi's sales volume of modules and silicon wafers hit 46.76 GW and 85.06 GW, respectively.
去年，隆基的模块和硅片销量分别达到46.76吉瓦和85.06吉瓦。
Last year, China exported about 36.3 GW of solar wafers and 23.8 GW of solar cells, up 60.8 percent and 130.7 percent year-on-year, respectively.
去年，中国出口了约36.3吉瓦太阳能晶片和23.8吉瓦太阳能电池，同比分别增长60.8%和130.7%。
In addition to LONGi, JinkoSolar announced recently that it will establish a 2GW PV module factory in the US while SPI Energy Co Ltd also plans to establish a silicon wafer factory in the United States, with the first batch of wafers produced by the end of 2023.
除隆基外，金科太阳能最近宣布将在美国建立一家2GW光伏组件工厂，而SPI能源有限公司也计划在美国建立硅晶圆厂，第一批晶圆将于2023年底生产。
By the end of 2023, the company plans to achieve an annual production capacity of 190 GW for monocrystalline silicon wafers and 110 GW for monocrystalline cells.
到2023年底，该公司计划实现单晶硅片年产能190吉瓦，单晶电池年产能110吉瓦。
The German government issued a document to stop the acquisition of automotive chip production assets of Elmos by Sai MicroElectronics' Swedish subsidiary Silex Microsystems, the Beijing-based developer of micro-electromechanical system chip techniques and manufacturing wafers said on Thursday.
总部位于北京的微机电系统芯片技术和晶圆制造开发商赛微电子的瑞典子公司Silex Microsystems周四表示，德国政府发布文件，停止收购Elmos的汽车芯片生产资产。
The project will include a new wafer factory to produce non-volatile 3D NAND chip memory products.
该项目将包括一个新的晶圆厂，生产非易失性3D NAND芯片存储器产品。
The company provides key materials and solutions in this strategic sector, covering wafer fabrication, packaging, testing and end-use applications.
该公司在这一战略领域提供关键材料和解决方案，涵盖晶圆制造、封装、测试和最终用途。
IBM said the prototype technology had successfully fabricated 2nm-made chips on a silicon wafer at the company's Albany, New York, lab.
IBM表示，该公司在纽约阿尔巴尼的实验室成功地在硅晶圆上制造出了2纳米工艺的芯片原型。
Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corp, the largest chipmaker on the Chinese mainland, has signed a cooperation agreement with a Shenzhen government fund for joint investment in a new $2.35 billion wafer fabrication plant.
中国内地最大的芯片制造商中芯国际已与深圳市政府基金签署合作协议，共同投资一家新的价值23.5亿美元的晶圆厂。
In a regulatory filing on Wednesday, SMIC said the new plant will focus on producing 28-nanometer and above integrated circuits and technical services, with the aim of producing 40,000 12-inch wafers per month.
中芯国际在周三的一份监管备案文件中表示，新工厂将专注于生产28纳米及以上的集成电路和技术服务，目标是每月生产4万片12英寸晶圆。
The CETC said it has overcome bottlenecks in the development of ion implanters, such as high-performance ion sources and high-speed wafer transfers, and obtained a total of 413 core patents.
中国电子科技集团表示，已经攻克了离子注入机发展的瓶颈技术，如高性能离子源和高速晶圆传输等，并获得了共计413项核心专利。
Zhao said the company is aiming to expand its capacity this year at its 12-inch fabrication plant by 10,000 wafers per month and by about 45,000 wafers per month at its 8-inch fabrication plant.
赵表示，该公司计划今年将其12英寸晶圆厂的产能提高10,000片晶圆每月，而8英寸晶圆厂的产能则提高约45,000片晶圆每月。
Longi's capacity to make monocrystalline silicon wafers is about half of the global total.
Its annual production capacity of monocrystalline silicon wafers increased from 42 GW at the end of last year to 55 GW at the end of June, and annual output of monocrystalline modules also rose from 14 GW to about 25 GW, the report showed.
Therefore, the company had to involve itself into every stage of the MEMS industry, including chip design, wafer production and semiconductor packaging.
SMIC said earlier that it would expand its production capacity in 14 nm manufacturing to 15,000 wafers per month by the end of 2020.
The PV industrial chain includes five major components, to wit: silicon materials, silicon wafers, cells, modules, and surface power stations.
Thanks to the growing demand of global markets and trade globalization, LONGi built a plant in Kuching city, Malaysia, the company's first overseas manufacturing facility for monocrystalline silicon wafers, in 2016.
It seized the opportunity in raw material supply of silicon wafers and forayed into monocrystalline silicon wafers in the next few years.
Unisplendour has abundant resources in the fields of smartphone chip, storage and other core components, while Oriente Grande Investment Fund has made a series of investments in semiconductor wafers.
An employee works in a clean room during the etching process of semiconductor wafer production inside the new Robert Bosch GmbH research and development center in Renningen, Germany.
In terms of chip making, Xi'an has infrastructure for the entire industrial chain including equipment, materials, wafers, design and terminals.
The large-size wafers are supplied to ZTE International, TSMC, and Samsung.
Samsung wafer making in Xi'an should be the world's most advanced flash memory chip production base, said Yang Hua.
Last year, China exported about 36.3 gigawatts of solar wafers and 23.8 GW of solar cells, up 60.8 percent and 130.7 percent year-on-year, respectively.
US semiconductor wafer maker AXT Inc said on Monday that its Chinese subsidiary Tongmei will immediately proceed to apply for the permits to keep exporting gallium and germanium substrate products from China.
Another Tianjin-based company, TCL Zhonghuan Semiconductor Co Ltd, is working on its new project, producing a solar ultra-thin single wafer of 25 GW used for the transformation of light into electricity.
The staff association at Newport Wafer Fab sent a letter to Shapps on Monday to argue that their livelihoods had been placed at risk after he ordered last week that Nexperia, which is owned by Chinese company Wingtech, must sell at least 86 percent of its stake in the plant due to alleged national security concerns, Sky News reported.
Ning Jizhe, head of the NBS, said the output of several high-tech manufacturing products increased in 2020, such as 3D-printing equipment, smartwatches, civil drones and semiconductor wafers.
"We have already begun to expand our wafer processing factory in Indonesia and hopefully we will find Japanese and South Korean business partners to explore their markets," she added.
By contrast, Chinese chipmakers' production capacity may have increased 12 percent to 7.6 million wafers per month last year, global chip consultancy SEMI said in a report.
"IC research company Trend-Force said in a recent note that China has 44 semiconductor wafer fabs in operation and a further 22 are under construction.
Surges in output, exportsData from the association further revealed a substantial year-on-year increase of over 70 percent in PV manufacturing output — which encompasses silicon materials, wafers, cells and modules — from January to October.
The manufacturing output, including approximately 1.14 million metric tons of polysilicon, around 460 GW of wafers, 404 GW of cells and 367 GW of PV modules, contributed to an output value exceeding 1.3 trillion yuan ($182 billion).
Such strong production capacity spurred a remarkable surge in PV exports, with a 90 percent increase in wafers, a 72 percent jump in cells and a 34 percent rise in modules, from January to October, supported by resilient global demand.
The export value, which includes photovoltaic products such as silicon wafers, cells and modules, reached about $43 billion during the first 10 months, the China Photovoltaic Industry Association said on Friday.
Recently, a new production project of large silicon wafers used for 12-inch integrated circuits was officially launched in Dezhou, Shandong province.
With a total investment of 2.5 billion yuan ($342 million), the project's first phase is expected to achieve a monthly production capacity of 100,000 12-inch polished wafers, adding new momentum to China's large silicon wafer and integrated circuit industries.
With the evolution of integrated circuit processes and technologies, silicon wafers are trending toward larger sizes and finer processes, with 12-inch wafers being the current and foreseeable mainstream product.
Driven by demand from emerging applications such as 5G, new energy vehicles, artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things, global demand for 12-inch silicon wafers has continued to grow.
As a leading domestic semiconductor material company, Shandong GRINM RS Semiconductor Materials, a significant investment project of GRINM Semiconductor Materials Co Ltd, focuses on the R&D and production of 12-inch silicon wafers and their side products.
"We maintain strict control of product quality based on international standards, particularly when it comes to single crystal micro-defects, silicon wafer geometrical dimensions, and surface contamination," said Yan Zhirui, general manager of Shandong GRINM RS.
Silicon wafers are the most critical foundational material for integrated circuits.
Over 90 percent of integrated circuit chips are produced using silicon wafers, taking the major share among the chips' manufacturing materials and serving at the forefront of the integrated circuit industry chain.
China's involvement in the global semiconductor industry chain has historically been relatively low, with a high dependence on critical materials such as silicon wafers from abroad.
Since 2017, large silicon wafer projects have consistently been established in China, with the steady progression of projects involving Shandong GRINM RS, Shanghai-based Zing Semiconductor, Eswin Technology Group in Xi'an, and more.
The global monthly production capacity of 12-inch semiconductor silicon wafers is projected to reach 10 million per month in the coming years, with China poised to serve as a crucial manufacturing hub.
With robust support from national policies and the continuous enhancement of chip manufacturing capabilities in China, the technological competence of Chinese semiconductor enterprises will continue to grow, expanding their market share and driving sustained demand for domestic semiconductor silicon wafers.
The output of polysilicon wafers expanded 84.3 percent over the previous year to 98.9 gigawatts, the data showed.
China's output of polysilicon, silicon wafers, photovoltaic cells, and modules reached new highs in the first half, with year-on-year growths all exceeding 65 percent.
The output of polysilicon, silicon wafer, cell wafer, and component reached 600,000 tons, 250 gigawatts, 220 gigawatts, and 200 gigawatts, respectively, in the first half of this year, to surge over 60 percent year-on-year for the each, said the paper, citing the China Photovoltaic Industry Association.
Europe remains the largest component export market, with the silicon wafer and the cell wafer exports mainly concentrated in Asia.
Statistics from news outlet Jiemian showed that among the 17 PV domestic companies that released their half-year forecasts, 16 have witnessed profit growth and only one silicon wafer company experienced a year-on-year decline.
Wang Bohua, honorary chairman of the CPIA, said silicon wafers and solar cells have seen an increasing proportion in total exports.
In 2020, TCL acquired Zhonghuan Electronics Information Group, which is mainly engaged in the R&D and production of PV and semiconductor silicon wafers for 11 billion yuan ($1.53 billion), in order to expand its footprint in the upstream semiconductor display industrial chain and generate synergies with its display business.
TCL Zhonghuan Renewable Energy Technology, a subsidiary of TCL and one of the leading solar silicon wafer producers in China, recorded 67.01 billion yuan in revenue last year, an increase of 63.02 percent year-on-year, while its net profit rose 69.21 percent year-on-year to 6.82 billion yuan.
The company announced in February that it will build a new PV wafer plant and related supporting facilities in Yinchuan, capital of Ningxia Hui autonomous region, with a total investment of 12 billion yuan.
Zhong Baoshen, chairman of solar power company LONGi Green Energy Technology Co Ltd, said the company aims to double its sales of PV modules to 85 GW and expand those of silicon wafers to 130 GW this year, to capitalize on the fast-growing demand for new PV installations.
Wang said silicon wafers and solar cells now account for a larger share of total exports.
China exported about 36.3 GW of solar wafers and 23.8 GW of solar cells in 2022, up 61 percent and 131 percent year-on-year, respectively.
During the period, the output growth of polysilicon, silicon wafers, batteries, and components all exceeded 72 percent year-on-year, according to the ministry.
In the March-April period, the output of polysilicon increased by 72.1 percent year-on-year, while that of silicon wafers rose 79.8 percent, according to the ministry.
LONGi announced recently that it achieved a breakthrough in the efficiency of its silicon solar cells, a new world record efficiency at 26.81 percent for its HJT silicon solar cells on full-size silicon wafers through mass production, the latest world record since a Japanese company set the efficiency record at 26.7 percent in 2017.
According to the International Energy Agency, China produces nearly all of the world's wafers, 85 percent of all cells and 75 percent of all modules.
The output of polysilicon wafers expanded 78 percent over the previous year, the data showed.
The output of the major links of the industrial chain, including polysilicon, wafers, cells and modules, all registered year-on-year growth of over 55 percent, according to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.
The export value of silicon wafers was about $5.07 billion, and the export volume was about 36.3 GW, a respective year-on-year increase of 107.2 and 60.8 percent.
The association said silicon wafers and solar cells were mainly exported to Asian markets last year.
Wang Bohua, the honorary chairman of the association, said that China has set a record for solar power production and export last year, with production for polycrystalline silicon, wafer, cell and module all rising more than 50 percent year-on-year.
The guideline proposed to accelerate technology advancement in smart photovoltaic systems, develop technologies needed for high-purity silicon materials and large-size silicon wafers, and promote the research and development of technology innovation for a more efficient power storage battery manufacturing process with lower production costs.
In the first three quarters, the output of four major products — polysilicon, silicon wafers, cells and modules — exceeded last year's total, with year-on-year growth of more than 40 percent, said the association.
The total export volume of China's PV products (silicon wafers, cells, modules) was about $44.03 billion during this period, a record high and year-on-year increase of 90.3 percent, the CPIA said.
The country now supplies over 78 percent of the world's crystalline silicon and more than 90 percent of the globe's silicon wafers," Jiang said.
The half-year output of polysilicon, wafers, cells and modules expanded 53.4 percent, 45.5 percent, 46.6 percent and 54.1 percent year-on-year respectively, according to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.
The list includes tech companies' construction projects, such as data centers for Alibaba and Tencent and a wafer production line of semiconductor manufacturer Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corp.
China produced 505,000 metric tons of polysilicon and 227 GW of silicon wafer during the period.
In September, German chipmaker Infineon Technologies AG opened its factory of high-tech, 300-millimeter wafers, which are used in power electronics, at its Villach site in Austria.
Silicon, a major material used in photovoltaic cells, modules and wafers, has seen prices surge by about 150 percent since the beginning of this year to an average of over 200,000 yuan ($31,100) per metric ton last week, buoyed by growing demand from downstream PV facility manufacturers driven by China's strong green commitment, industry experts said.
硅是光伏电池、组件及硅片的主要用材，自今年初以来其价格已大幅上涨约150%，上周均价超过每公吨20万元人民币（约合31,100美元）。行业专家表示，这一涨势得益于中国对绿色能源的坚定承诺所驱动的下游光伏设备制造商需求增长。
According to the association, growing demand for solar power has spurred higher production of PV cells, modules and wafers.
据该协会称，日益增长的太阳能需求已推动了光伏电池、组件和硅片产量的提升。
Estimates from Guosheng Securities showed that production capacity of PV cells, modules and wafers is likely to surpass 300 gigawatts each by the end of this year, while production capacity of silicon materials will be no more than 200 GW, indicating an insufficient supply of raw materials for PV cells, modules and wafers.
国盛证券的估算显示，今年年底光伏电池、组件及硅片的产能可能各自超过300吉瓦，而硅料的产能将不超过200吉瓦。这表明光伏电池、组件和硅片的原材料供应存在不足。
The reason for the relatively lower growth rate of silicon material prices compared to that in the first half was due to a small increase in silicon material supplies, in reaction to the continuously growing demand from PV cell, modules and wafers manufacturers, the association said.
协会表示，硅材料价格在上半年增长相对较低的原因在于，面对光伏电池、组件和硅片制造商持续增长的需求，市场对硅材料供应进行了小幅增加。
com said that unlike big companies that can handle an increase in production costs, many small and medium－sized cell, module and wafer manufacturers chose to close production lines instead.
“com指出，与能够应对生产成本上涨的大公司不同，许多中小型电池、模块和晶圆制造商选择关闭生产线。”
"The price increase of silicon materials is not good news to cell, module and wafer manufacturers, because the market is fiercely competitive and profit margins are too low.
“硅材料价格的上涨对电池、组件和硅片制造商来说并非利好消息，因为市场竞争激烈，利润空间本已十分微薄。”
Lin said another reason why many small and medium－sized cell, module and wafer manufacturers find it difficult to make a profit is that many downstream power stations have limited budgets on equipment, coming under pressure to control costs and make a profit as China no longer offers subsidies for certain types of newly registered PV projects since Aug 1, according to the National Development and Reform Commission.
林指出，许多中小型电池、组件及硅片制造商难以实现盈利的另一个原因在于，下游诸多电站因设备预算有限而面临成本控制压力，且在努力实现盈利。自8月1日起，根据国家发展和改革委员会的通知，中国已不再对某些新注册光伏项目提供补贴。
Founded in November 2000, San'an Optoelectronics is engaged in the R&D, large-scale production and marketing of full-color, ultra high-brightness light-emitting diode epitaxial wafers and chips, and has also worked in the field of micro LED technology for many years.
成立于2000年11月，三安光电致力于全彩、超高亮度发光二极管外延片及芯片的研发、大规模生产和销售，并且在微LED技术领域也有多年的研究。
In addition, TCL acquired Zhonghuan Electronics Information Group in July, which is mainly engaged in the R&D and production of photovoltaic and semiconductor silicon wafers, in order to improve its positioning in the upper stream of the semiconductor display sector's industry chain and generate synergies with its display business.
此外，TCL在7月份收购了中环电子信息集团，该集团主要从事光伏和半导体硅片的研发和生产，以提升其在半导体显示领域产业链上游的定位，并与其显示业务产生协同效应。
Lin said tax cuts also help many photovoltaic businesses to survive when the European Union imposed anti-dumping and anti-subsidy measures for Chinese solar panels, wafers, and cells.
Production volumes of polycrystalline silicon, a key ingredient of PV products and other associated products like silicon wafers, modules and cells, registered an impressive uptick, according to data from the China Photovoltaic Industry Association.
Silicon wafer output totaled 63 gigawatts, up 26 percent year-on-year, while PV cell output hit 51 GW, an increase of 30.8 percent year-on-year.
Wu Shengwu, deputy head for the electronic information division of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said overseas markets have been the mainstay for Chinese PV companies in the first half with exports of PV products, including silicon wafers, cells and modules, totaling $10.61 billion, up 31.7 percent year-on-year.
Silicon wafer exports reached $950 million in the first half, down 33.8 percent from the figure a year ago.
Wang pointed out that despite a drop in value terms, silicon wafer exports saw an increase in shipment terms.
未经许可，严禁转发。QQ交流群：688169419